BROADWAY MORAINE. 539 



mile, where it dies out. Nearly oue-half mile farther south sharp g-ravelly 

 knolls appear in the valley. They seem to constitute tlie southern end of 

 this system of ridges, for toward the west, south, and east there is a till 

 tract. The disjointed northern portion of the ridge is not in the valley of 

 Taylor Creek, but crosses the uplands on the west side of the stream and 

 makes a descent of about 50 feet in entering the valley. 



There is not a well-defined esker trough on the uplands, but the lowland 

 tract in which the esker mainly lies, and which is now called Taylor Creek 

 Valle}', is to all appearances an esker trough, and was probably excavated 

 by the stream which deposited the esker. Its breadth is 200 to 300 yards, 

 and in but few places is its depth less than 30 feet. The uplands east are 

 lower than those west of it. The stream occupying it is hardly worthy the 

 name creek, its bed being scarcely 10 feet in width where it borders the 

 esker. The small size of the stream no less than the presence of the esker 

 opposes the idea that this valley was formed by the present stream after 

 the ice sheet had withdrawn. 



Manv excavations liave been made in the disjointed portions of this 

 esker, l)ut none of great extent in the main ridge. The main ridge, however, 

 has been examined sufficiently by persons negotiating for the sale of the 

 ridge to railway companies to make certain that its great mass consists of 

 gravel of suitable coarseness for railway ballast. Its structure is probably 

 more uniformly gravelly than that of the disjointed ridges. Indeed, the 

 disjointed ridges have proved to be extremely variable in structure, con- 

 taining not only gravel and cobble, but fine sand and till and gradations 

 from till into assorted material. The latest deposit on these disjointed ridges 

 seems to have been till, for till is in several places exposed on the slopes 

 where the interior consists of well-assorted material. Till also occurs 

 sometimes on the inner curve of a ridge where the outer curve consists 

 of a well-washed gravel. At the disconnected ridge south of the main 

 ridge, noted above, there is coarse gravel at the northwest end in beds 

 dipping toward the southeast, which traced southeastward becomes finer 

 and terminates at the southeast end in a sandy till. The bedding, both by 

 dij) of beds and the attitude of individual stones, shows clearly that the flow 

 of water was northwest to southeast — that is, from the coarse gravel toward 

 the sand}^ till. This ridge represents, therefore, a deposit in a stream whose 

 flow was being rapidly checked. We find in this sudden change in the 



