CLEVELAND MORAINE. 627 



west of the Grenesee drainage basin it is 1,600 to 2,000 feet, being about 

 1,600 feet in the valleys and 1,800 to 2,000 feet on the uplands. On the 

 border of the Genesee the uplands are about 1,600 feet, but drift knolls 

 extend down to a terrace about 200 feet above the river level, or 1,360 

 feet above tide. 



RELIEF. 



On the uplands west of the Grand River Basin in Ohio, and also within 

 this basin, the relief of the Cleveland moraine ranges from about 15 feet 

 up to 50 feet or more. In the valleys of northwestern Pennsylvania it in 

 places reaches 100 feet, though it is usually much less. On the uplands 

 bordering these valleys the relief seldom exceeds 30 feet. In southwestern 

 New York the relief in the valleys is 20 to 50 feet or more, but on the 

 uplands it is only 15 to 30 feet. 



TOPOGRAPHY. 



Aside from occasional sharp knolls which appear at intervals through- 

 out the entire length of the moraine, there is usually a swell-and-sag topog- 

 raphy, somewhat similar to tliat displayed by the Defiance and other 

 moraines outside the Cleveland morainic belt. In the portion between 

 Cleveland and the Grand River Basin the knolls are usually but 10 to 15 

 feet in height, though a cluster of sharp knolls 35 or 40 feet in height was 

 noted on the border of East Chagrin River, 4 to 6 miles west of Chardon. 



On the uplands west of Chagrin Falls a short esker ridge appears in 

 the moraine. It is 15 to 25 feet high, 10 to 15 rods wide, including slopes, 

 and is practically continuous for about a half mile. Its trend is N. 50° W. 

 to S. 50° E., or about in harmony with the striae in that locality. Associated 

 with it and following its southwest side are occasional drift knolls which are 

 elongated in line with the trend of the esker. The easternmost one has 

 a length of about 1,000 feet and width of about 300 feet. Its trend is, 

 however, different from that of the esker, being N. 15° W. to S. 15° E. 

 As this knoll lies southeast of the esker proper, it may mark the line of 

 continuation of the stream which formed the esker. 



On the high uplands west of the Grand River Valley the moraine 

 consists of a nearly continuous undulatory ridge on which tliere are basins 

 as well as swells. The highest points on the ridge stand 35 to 50 feet 

 above the outer border tract, though the g-eneral elevation is less than 30 



