634 GLACIAL FORMATIONS OF ERIE AND OHIO BASINS. 



the divide. On the uplands northeast of this valley the moraine is poorly 

 defined, there being only scattering patches of hummocky drift, but in the 

 valley east of these uplands, at and north of Panama station, it is well 

 defined and has many sharp hummocks. The valley which the Western 

 New York and Pennsylvania Railway follows from Clymers to Sherman, 

 N. Y., connects French Creek with Big Brokenstraw, and in this valley, also, 

 the moraine determines the position of the divide. 



On the uplands northeast of Panama the moraine is finely developed on 

 ridges standing 1,800 feet above tide. It consists here of sharp hummocks 

 15 to 20 feet high and winding ridges of similar height, the general trend of 

 which is northeast to southwest, but which wind and interlock. Among the 

 large knolls are lower ones 6 to 8 feet high, and an occasional sag or basin. 

 This topography continues eastward to the border of Lake Chautauqua. 



In the city of Jamestown, and for a mile or so north, there are sharp 

 knolls, filling up the valley at the southeast end of Lake Chautauqua to a 

 height of 125 to 150 feet above the lake, and throwing the outlet across the 

 rocky points on the south slope of the old valley. 



Returning to the inner member, which has been described as far east 

 as Waterford, in Erie County, Pa., we find a subdued morainic topogi-aphy 

 on the uplands between Le Boeuf Creek and Lake Pleasant, with swells 

 10 to 15 feet high, either isolated or in groups, constituting a nearly con- 

 tinuous belt. 



On the lowland tract that passes from the headwaters of Le Boeuf 

 Creek and Sixmile Creek through Lake Pleasant to French Creek there is 

 strongly morainic topography, consisting of sharp, gravelly knolls 10 to 25 

 feet high, among which are basins and sags. A continuous, well-defined 

 belt exists between this tract and Lake Chautauqua, the uplands having 

 swells 10 to 20 feet high and the valleys larger swells or knolls, among which 

 basins are inclosed. On the North Fork of French Creek, above Lowville, 

 a moraine-headed terrace occurs, which near the moraine has numerous pits 

 or basins 10 to 15 feet deep, but becomes smooth and free from such 

 depressions farther south. 



Fiudley Lake, in western Chautauqua County, N. Y., lies in a valley 

 a mile or more in width. North of the lake the moraine crosses the valley, 

 and contains knolls 40 to 60 feet high, among which there are basins 10 to 

 20 feet in depth, with very abrupt borders. There is an open valley from 



