CLEVELAND 'MORAINE. 639 



and as it diops down in Ischua Vallej- about to the level of the terrace 

 which has its head in the Cleveland moraine, it seems to be not greatly 

 different in age from that moraine. 



The east bluff of Ischua Creek presents an interesting- contrast between 

 the moraine-covered and the nonmorainic parts' near Machias Junction. 

 For several miles south from the moraine the face of the bluff is very 

 regular, but where the moraine crosses it is wavy and indented by basins. 

 The thickness of the drift in this part of the moraine seems to be but 10 to 

 25 feet, varying with the height of the knolls, but it is sufficient to greatly 

 modify the appearance of the face of the bluff. 



From Ischua Creek eastward 2 or 3 miles, the moraine carries numer- 

 ous sharp hummocks and basins; knolls covering but one-half acre being 

 sometimes 15 to 20 feet high. It is much of the way on a slope descending- 

 northward, and the outer or southern part sometimes stands 75 to 100 feet 

 above the inner or northern part. South of Elton it reaches an altitude of 

 about 1,900 feet above tide. 



The moraine is very weak from the meridian of Elton eastward to 

 Farmersville station, but from that point to Fairview, along a tributary of 

 Cattaraugus Creek, there are heavy drift accumulations greatly choking 

 the valley. There are also a large number of bowlders. The knolls are 

 not so sharp, however, as in the vicinity of Machias. North and northeast- 

 of Fairview on an elevated upland (2,000 feet or more) there are sharp 

 knolls 20 to 30 feet high, and among- them are large numbers of bowlders. 

 This bowldery belt with its occasional sharp knolls leads southeast toward 

 Rushford into the valley of Caneadea Creek. Upon entering this valley 

 it becomes more prominent and fills it to a height of nearly 200 feet above 

 the portion of the valley to the west, the crest of the moraine being about 

 1,600 feet above tide. The surface of this great drift accumulation is strongly 

 in contrast with that on the bordering uplands, there being- no well-defined 

 knolls on its crest, but instead gentle undulations. It is probable, as 

 suggested by Fairchild,^ that this moraine held a lake in the part of the 

 Caneadea Valley west of it for some time after the ice Avithdrew. The 

 outlet is across the rock points along the south side of the old valley. 

 The moraine was probably laid down in water, and this may account for 

 the absence of sharp knolls. 



1 Glacial Genesee lakes, by H. L. Fairchild: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. VII, 1896, p. ■151. 



