642 GLACIAL FORMATIONS OF ERIE AND OHIO BASINS. 



and outcrop on the northern slope. Beneath this gravel-cobble mass, both 

 north and soutli of the hig-hest part of the hill, there is fine sand. The 

 strata on the north dip southward, while those south of the cobble ai-e 

 crumpled or arching-. South of this sand is a mass of horizontally bedded 

 cobble-gravel, succeeded on the south by fine sand, also horizontally bedded, 

 which grades into a clay at bottom. The extreme southern end of the 

 hill is cobble-gravel, which connects with a pitted plain underlain by coarse 

 gravel. Such a complete section as this will probabl)' be of value in work- 

 ing out the precise method of origin of knolls of this class, but as yet its 

 significance is not clearly understood. 



In the south part of Bemis Point, on the east side of Lake Chautauqua, 

 there is a railway gravel pit in a bench standing about 50 feet above the 

 lake that exposes beds which bear a striking resemblance to the foreset and 

 topset beds of a delta, and it seems probable that they were formed bv 

 water escaping from the ice sheet into a lake. The pit is about 20 feet in 

 depth and more than 100 feet in length. The lower 12 or 14 feet presents 

 beds of gravel, having a sharp southward dip, while the surface portion, 6 or 

 8 feet in depth, shows horizontal bedding that cuts across the truncated 

 ends of the underlying inclined beds. Well sections at the village of Bemis 

 Point show the drift structure at lower levels than at the gravel pit. George 

 Scofield has a well on ground about 40 feet above Lake Chautauqua which 

 penetrated sand and gravel for perhaps 60 feet. Below this to a depth of 

 190 feet the well is in a blue cla}', free from pebbles, and was abandoned 

 without reaching the bottom of the clay A still deeper boring at tlie 

 Cottage Hotel is reported by the di'iller to have passed through about 8 

 feet of surface gravel and then 40 feet of sandy material, when a blue clay 

 was struck, which he penetrated to a depth of 310 feet from the surface 

 without reaching its bottom. This boring was on ground scarcely 20 feet 

 above Lake Chautauqua. 



There is a large gravel pit in a knoll at Sanduskj'-, New York, 60 feet 

 or more in depth at the highest part of the knoll and about one-eighth mile 

 in length. It extends from the top to the bottom of the knoll, but at the 

 time of the writer's visit the talus obscured much of the face. It shows an 

 inti'icate series of gravel, sand, and finer material, some beds being of very 

 fine silt. The bedding is wavy, with variations in level amounting to several 

 feet in a distance of only a few yards. Many smaller excavations were 



