LAKE ESCARPMENT MORAINES. 651 



mentioned above as lying on an ascending slope has this trend. Read de- 

 scribes ridges that are apparently similar to these, and considers them due to 

 the movement of the ice sheet across the strata.^ Ridges of this class have 

 also been observed by Gilbert along the south shores of Lake Erie and Lake 

 Ontario, and are considered by him postglacial, the result of expansion of 

 the strata after the withdrawal of the ice sheet and its attendant cold water.^ 

 The Braceville ridges, like those observed by Grilbert, are thinly covered with 

 drift, and were plainly formed subsequent to its deposition. They show no 

 dependence upon glaciation, being directed toward all points of the compass. 

 The phenomena described under this title may be of common occurrence, 

 but have been rarely observed. It is thought that as evidence of recent 

 changes in the rock strata their importance is great. 



RELATION or THE CLEVELAND MORAINE TO LAKE MADMEE. 



This moi-ainic belt appears to have been completed near the time when 

 the glacial Lake Maumee dropped from its highest level to the level of the 

 Second or Leipsic beach, and is therefore contemporaneous with the closing 

 part of the highest lake stage. The relations are considered at some length 

 in the discussion of the Maumee beaches (Chapter XIV). 



LAKE ESCARPMENT MORAINIC SYSTEM. 



Under this name is discussed a system of moraines which covers part 

 of the brow and much of the face of the Lake Erie escarpment from near 

 Cleveland, Ohio, eastward into New York. It consists of overlapping 

 moraines or drift ridges which set in one after the other in passing from 

 west to east. In cross section there are seldom more than two ridges, and 

 in parts of its course but a single ridge is found. The -combined belt in 

 western New York has been referred to by the writer as the Dayton 

 moraine,^ but it seems preferable to substitute the name Lake Escarpment 

 system, and to give names to each moraiuic ridge. 



The ridg'e which was formed first and which extended farthest west has 

 been known for some years as the Euclid moraine, its western terminus 

 being near Euclid, Ohio, a village 10 miles east of Cleveland. This is 

 overlapped by a later ridge from near Painesville, Ohio, eastward, which 



1 Geology of Ohio, Vol. I, 1873, pp. 490, 507. 

 ^Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Buffalo meeting, 1896. 

 'Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. L, 1895, p. 8. 



