LAKE ESCARPMENT MORAINES. 665 



southeastward into the Conewango Valley. The ridges are in some cases 

 30 to 40 feet high and a half mile or more in length. There are also 

 numerous conical knolls 10 to 20 feet high, among which are shallow basins. 

 At the south border of the moraine there is a gradual transition to a gravel 

 plain that leads down to the Conewango Swamp, near South Dayton. A 

 similar transition is found in Slab Creek Valley west of Perrysburg. 



This strong moraine, as above noted, dies out at the west bluff of South 

 Cattaraugus Creek, about 5 miles south of Gowanda, there being only scat- 

 tering di'ift knolls on the east side of that valley. But upon crossing over 

 the ridge to the old vallej^, about 3 miles northeast, the moraine again 

 ■appears, though its ridges and swells are of a more subdued type than in 

 districts to the west. The swells are only 10 to 15 feet hig-h and have very 

 gentle slopes, while the crest is a barely perceptible ridge. 



On the north side of Cattaraugus Creek between the ci'eek and Collins 

 Center there is a topography similar to that in the Conewango Valley near 

 Dayton. The ridges and knolls are 20 to 30 feet high and among them are 

 sloughs and saucer-like depressions. There is but little change in topog- 

 raphy in passing northeastward over tlae high ridge north of Mortons 

 Corners to Woodward Hollow (Wyandale post-office), though the knolls 

 are sharper on the elevated tract than on the lower ground. Knolls 20 or 

 25 feet high may be seen distinctly for a distance of 2 miles, their slopes 

 are so abrupt. Among- the knolls are basins with abrupt rims instead of 

 the saucer-like depressions noted near Collins Center. 



In the valley both north and south of Woodward Hollow there are 

 sharp knolls, 10 to 25 feet or more in height, among which basins are 

 inclosed, but the tendency to ridging is not so pronounced as to the west,. 

 The east slope of the valle}" also presents a hummocky surface through the 

 entire width of the belt, which is here nearly 3 miles. 



Farther east, on the meridian of Springville and eastward past East 

 Concord, the moraine grades on the south into a gravel plain which leads 

 westward some distance down Cattaraugus Creek. Low gravelly swells 

 appear at the junction of the plain with the moraine. There is considerable 

 gravel outwash along the moraine from Springville up to the head of Cat- 

 taraugus Creek, setting in near the level of the crest of the moraine and 

 sloping south^^'ard. North of the crest the moraine is in places lower than 

 the gravel plain and yet carries sharp knolls and basins. The knolls extend 



