670 GLACIAL FORMATIONS OF ERIE AND OHIO BASINS. 



From the Conneaut Valley, in western Pennsylvania, westward to the 

 terminus of the moranic system near Euclid, Ohio, there are well-defined 

 channels between it and the rock escarpment, one of which is outside the 

 Euclid moraine and others between the moraines. These channels are 

 still utilized in large part by small westward-flowing streams which after 

 following the line of glacial discharge for a few miles now turn northward 

 through gaps in the moraines. Between these streams there are short sec- 

 tions of the glacial channel not utilized by the present drainage. Perhaps 

 the most conspicuous abandoned part leads from the bend of the Grand 

 River south of Painesville westward to East Chagrin River near Kirtland, 

 and this has a length of but 5 or 6 miles. The interval between Ashtabula 

 Creek, south of Kellogsville, and the head of Griggs Creek is scarcely 2 

 miles, and there is a similar interval between Chagrin River and Euclid 

 Creek. In each of these places there is a well-defined abandoned chaimel. 



Frona western Chautauqua County, N. Y., westward to Conneaut Creek 

 Valley the waters no doubt found passages along the face of the escarp- 

 ment either outside or just within the edge of the ice sheet, but suflicient 

 attention has not been given to the channels to determine their full courses 

 and comiections. 



From the Chautauqua Valley eastward to the Conewango there are, 

 as already indicated, moraine-headed terraces in each of the valleys dis- 

 charging southward that contain a gravel outwash from the ice sheet and 

 were evidently lines of vigorous discharge. Some of these terraces have 

 their heads at the brow of the escarpment overlooking Lake' Erie (see 

 PL XIX), and yet lead directly away from the lake to the Allegheny 

 River and thence through the' Ohio and Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. 



In the headwater portion of Cattaraugus Creek there appears to have 

 been a vigorous movement of the waters along the front of the ice sheet, 

 such as would call for adequate outlet to the west. Fairchild has recently 

 determined that there was a discharge from the South Cattaraugus past 

 Persia Siding to the Conewango at an altitude but little above 1,300 feet 

 above tide. Fairchild has also found evidence that the discharge shifted 

 from this channel to channels leading westward from Gowanda along the 

 face of the escarpment as the ice melted back. His studies are still in 

 progress (in 1900) and promise to bring out an interesting drainage history. 



The drainage from the part of the morainic system in the vicinity of 



