BEACHES OF LAKE WHITTLESEY. 747 



found a fine gravelly deposit spread out in fan shape to a distance of fully 

 3 miles below the point where the river crosses the beach. The distance 

 to which this deposit reaches seems greater than the limits of transportation 

 by the river currents. It is possible, however, that the material was 

 extended lakeward in connection with the lowering of the lake to the next 

 beach. 



VARIATIONS IN ALTITUDE. 



This western shore of Lake Whittlesey appears to be nearly horizontal 

 from the Maumee River northward to Birmingham, Mich., or about to latitude 

 42° 30'. The altitude of the crest of the ridge is usually between 735 and 

 740 feet. Northward from latitude 42° 30' the rise is very gradual as far 

 as Armada and Lenox (about latitude 42° 50'), the altitude being between 

 745 and 750 feet at those points. But at latitude 43°, near Emmet, the 

 beach is reported by Spencer to be 770 feet, and at the head of the Ubly 

 outlet, 40 miles farther north, the old water level was found by Taylor to 

 be near the 800-foot contour. The exceptionally rapid rise between Emmet 

 and Lenox may not be entirely due to uplift. Taylor's observations indicate 

 that the ice sheet stood at that time only a few miles east from Emmet. Ice 

 attraction may therefore be responsible for part of the rise shown by the 

 beach. It should also be boi'ne in mind that the levels here given are from 

 railway surveys, and a comparison of the difFerent surveys shows differences 

 amounting sometimes to several feet in the altitude of a given point. 



THE SHORE OF DEFIANCE BAY. 



In his description of the Belmore beach in northwestern Ohio, Gilbert, 

 after tracing the beach to the Maumee Valley, stated that a landlocked 

 bay west of it stretched up the Maumee Valley,^ but he gave it no name and 

 seems not to have determined its full limits, nor does he mention the occur- 

 rence of a beach along its shore. This beach apparently was not definitely 

 traced until 1899, when the portion north of the Maumee was worked out 

 by the writer in company with F. B. Taylor, and the portion south by the 

 writer alone. The name Defiance Bay was agreed upon by Taylor and the 

 writer as siiitable for this extension of Lake Whittlesey, for the double 

 reason that the city of Defiance stands near its deepest portion and the 

 Defiance moraine separated it from the remainder of the lake. 



I Geology of Ohio, Vol. I, 1873, p. 554. 



