BEACHES OF LAKE WHITTLESEY. 753 



eastern part of Cleveland into East Cleveland and thence takes a course 

 northeastM^ard about parallel with the shore of Lake Erie, and distant from 

 it but 3 to 5 miles, through the northeast part of Ohio. It lies south of the 

 Nickel Plate and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railways, and is 

 within view from one or both railways from Cleveland eastward into 

 Pennsylvania. 



In Erie County, Pa., the beach continues about parallel with the shore 

 of Lake Erie,' passing through East Springfield and just north of Grirard 

 and Fairview, and leading through the southern part of the city of Erie 

 and the northern part of the village of Northeast. 



At the Pennsylvania-New York line this beach stands between the 

 Nickel Plate and Lake Shore railways, but soon passes to the south of the 

 Nickel Plate and leads through the southern part of Ripley and the extreme 

 southern edge of Westfield. It passes south of the villages touched by these 

 railways farther east, being near the base of the escarpment. It crosses 

 the Dunkirk and Allegheny Valley Railroad about a mile east of Sheridan 

 and Walnut Creek, within a mile of Forestville. It then swings northward 

 to Hanover Center and there makes an abrupt turn to the east and con- 

 tinues in that direction to the valley of Cattaraugus Creek, which it crosses 

 about a mile above Versailles. An extensive gravel delta known as the 

 "Fourmile level" was formed in the Cattaraugus Valley above Versailles in 

 connection with this lake stage. 



On the east side of Cattaraugus Valley there is some complexity because 

 of islands on the border of the lake. The most prominent extends from 

 the Indian Council House 2 miles east of Versailles northward nearly to 

 North Collins, a distance of 3 or 4 miles. It received the strong action of 

 the waves and protected a narrow strip of water back of it from wave action. 

 A bar or spit extended eastward from the north end of this island, nearly 

 shutting off the passage back of the island, as indicated in PI. XXV. 



From North Collins the shore followed the base of an escarpment north- 

 ward to Eden Center, where it swung eastward to the west fork of Eighteen- 

 mile Creek. In crossing this valley it turned northward, passing about a 

 mile east of Eden Valley. A small island appears about 1 J miles northeast 

 of Eden Valley, as indicated in PI. XXV, which was separated from the 

 mainland to the south by a narrow channel into which a prominent spit was 

 extended from the island toward the mainland. East from this island the 



MON XLI 48 



