BEACHES OF LAKE WARREN. 767 



The inner ridge is strong and nearly continuous from West Alden to a 

 point about a mile east of the Erie and Genesee County line. It there dies 

 out as a ridge, but appears as a cut bank on the western ends of the Pem- 

 broke ranges of gravel hills. A bay seems to have extended back along 

 the north side of the north range of hills nearly to East Peml^roke. 



The altitude of the beaches shows a marked increase in this interval 

 between Cattaraugus and Tonawanda Creeks. From an altitude of 780 feet 

 at Cattaraugus Valley the upper beach rises to 810 feet at Hamburg, 840 

 feet at Elma Center, and fully 860 feet at Alden. The lower beach rises 

 from 760 feet to 790 feet between Cattaraugus Creek and Ha^nburg. The 

 inner ridge, leading north ' from West Alden, is only 850 feet at Crit- 

 tenden, but rises to the 880-foot contour about a mile northeast of Indian 

 Falls, as shown by the Medina topographic sheet. This beach was traced 

 by the writer only to the brow of the Corniferous escarpment a, short 

 distance northeast of Indian Falls, but it has since been traced eastward 

 by Fairchild beyond the Genesee River. This tracing by Fairchild has 

 extended Lake W^arren beyond the limits assigned by the writer in a paper 

 published in 1895,^ and is marked by his thoroughness and painstaking 

 attention to details. The following description of the portion between 

 Tonawanda Creek and the Genesee River is taken from Fairchild's recent 

 paper:^ 



At Indian Falls the channel of Tonawanda Creek interrupts the beach for three- 

 fourths of a mile, but it reappears in excellent form on the summit of the hill at the 

 north edge of the village. A strong ridge of somewhat angular gravel lies upon the 

 east side of the road and supports the house of Mr. C. T. Pratt. The southern end of 

 this bar turns west, crosses the road, and then turning north runs along the west side 

 of the road to a three corners. Here the bar swings eastward, crosses the road by 

 the house of Mr. Bascom, then curving northward passes behind the house of Mr. 

 Peter Lester. In a short distance the bar turns east, at which point another l:)ranch 

 runs west, the latter crossing the road and terminating upon the crest of the Cornif- 

 erous escarpment. The eastward branch soon breaks into a series of overjapping 

 bars and spits of good development. Turning northward, in about one-half mile the 

 beach crosses an east-and-west I'oad, by which is an old gravel pit in the ridge and 

 soon drops over the edge of the Corniferous limestone a few rods east of a north- 

 and-south road. For a short distance the shore line is a clitf in the limestone, l)ut 

 quicklj' surmounts the escarpment as a well-developed ridge of almost clear cheit. 



^ Correlations of New York moraines witii raised beacliea of Lake Erie: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d Series, 

 Vol. L, 1895, pp. 1-20. 



2 Bull. Geol. Sof. America, Vol. VIII, 1897, pp. 274-277. 



