BEACHES OF LAKE WARREN. 769 



ridge is found, with north-and-south direction, on the land of Mr. J. Miner. This is 

 about 2i miles northeast of the center of Batavia village. 



East of Batavia village the moraine, with strong relief, lies partially below the 

 Lake Warren level. The lake waters were here entangled among the hills, and the 

 beach is bi-oken for 2 miles, but two well-defined wave-cut cliii's are conspicuous. 

 These are clearly seen from the main line of the New York Central Railroad, which, 

 eastward from Batavia, traverses the moraine and descends rapidh"- upon the silt 

 plain formed as the floor of the Warren waters. The more westerly cliff is upon the 

 north and east side of a till ridge about 1 mile southeast of the bar last mentioned 

 and about one-fourth of a mile east of the railroad. Well-defined but broken shore 

 phenomena connect this cliff with another cliff in drift 1 mile farther eastward. The 

 beach then runs northeast another mile, as a good ridge, to a strong cliff in Cornif- 

 erous limestone, which shows excellentlj^ the effects of heavy 'wave action upon a 

 headland. From this cliff a nearly continuous bar or ridge is found for the 6 miles 

 to Leroy. * * * 



The beach passes through the southern and higher part of the village of Mor- 

 ganville, and shows in good form both east and west of the village. 



The altitude of the beach is here definitely known. One and one-half miles 

 northeast of Morganville and about half a mile west of schoolhouse No. 3 is a station 

 of the United States Lake Survey, located exactly upon the beach ridge, with a 

 corrected altitude for surface of the ground of 880 feet. Upon the west side of the 

 north-and-south road, by school No. 3, which is situated upon the beach, the crest of 

 the beach is i. 56 feet under the top of rail of the Lehigh Valley Railroad at the road 

 crossing one-fourth of a mile south. The altitude of rail is 884.60, making the crest 

 of beach 880 feet. One-half mile farther east the railroad crosses the beach by a 

 cutting, and the altitude is 879 feet. 



Approaching Leroy, the beach becomes obscure upon a kame-like surface 

 among low drumloids about one-fourth mile northwest of the railroad station. The 

 level of the water surface passes through the lower or northern part of the village. 

 The next appearance of the beach is a good gravel ridge about one mile east of the 

 village, between the Leroy-Caledonia highwa}^ and the three railroads, on the land 

 of Mr. A. H. Olmstead. The ridge curves around northeast of the farmhouse and 

 barns, and once formed a hooked spit near the highway, which has been cut away 

 for gravel. 



Across a brook and upon the south side of the highway the beach reappears 

 in excellent form as a heavy gravel ridge beneath the residence of Mr. Abram 

 Van Valkenburg. For about a mile the ridge follows along the south side of the 

 highway, slightly diverging and giving location for the residences upon that side 

 of the road. 



Eastward from here the ground is lower, with long, drumlin ridges. The 

 shore line is exceedingly crooked and the beach phenomena obscure in the embay- 

 ments, but usually pronounced at the north ends of the ridges. * * * 



Within 3 miles of Caledonia the shore line is thrown rapidly southward ujDon 

 the west side of the Genesee Valley embayment. The Warren waters occupied the 

 valley of the present Genesee River as far south as Mount Morris. The accumula- 

 tion of sand and silt either side of the gorge ("High Banks") west of the village 



3ION XLI 49 



