778 GLACIAL FORMATIONS OF ERIE AND OHIO BASINS. 



Tcible of soils in the Ohio and Erie hasins. 



Eesiduary 



Stony clay. 



Gravelly, or stony. 



Sandy . 



Silty or clayey , 



Peaty or organic. . . 



Decay of the under- 

 lying rocks. 



Glacial 



Glacial, glacial out- 

 wash, streamsiwave- 

 action. 



Glacial drainage, 

 streams, lakes, wind. 



In part by slowly 

 flowing waters, 

 probably in part by 

 wind; also as a 

 sediment in glacial 

 lakes. 



Vegetal accumula- 

 tions and shell de- 

 posits. 



Areal distribution. 



Unglaciated portion of the Ohio basin, where silt as well 

 as glacial material is absent, and also on valley slopes 

 within the glaciated region where the drift covering is 

 too thin to afford a soil. 



On a large part of the moraines, and much of the till 

 plains of Wisconsin age; along valley slopes in the IIM- 

 noian drift; very limited exposure on the older drift 

 of northwestern Pennsjdvania. 



On the older drift of northwestern Pennsylvania; in inter- 

 lobate moraines of Wisconsin age; to a limited extent 

 as kames on till plains and moraines of Wisconsin age; 

 to a very limited extent in the Illinoian drift; as glacial 

 outwash along valleys in connection both with the 

 Wisconsin drift and the older drift, and as outwash 

 aprons to a limited extent on the outer border of mo- 

 raines; as stream deposits both along glacial and 

 modern drainage lines; as deltas along parts of the 

 shores- of the glacial lakes where vigorous streams 

 entered; as wave products along parts of the old lake 

 shores. 



The valley deposits vary in coarseness with the strength 

 of the current, and contain much sand both in the 

 glacial and modern deposits; beaches of glacial lakes 

 are composed largely of sand, and the lake bottoms are 

 covered to a limited extent with sand; the beaches of 

 Lake Warren are especially sandy; wind has drifted the 

 sand into dunes to a limited amount in northwestern 

 Ohio, and in a few places farther east, in the area covered 

 by glacial lakes. 



Mainly outside the limits of the Wisconsin drift through- 

 out the exposed portion of the Illinoian drift, and on 

 flat portions of the unglaciated districts bordering the 

 Ohio, both in valleys and on bordering uplands; the 

 lower part of the Scioto and Grand River basins, much 

 of the Maumee basin, and flat areas in northern Ohio, 

 also carry a surface clay with few pebbles, partly a slug- 

 gish stream deposit and partly a lake sediment; silt 

 deposits are of limited extent in northwestern Pennsyl- 

 vania and western New York, chiefly in lowlands and 

 valleys. 



Locally in the Erie basin and the glaciated portion of the 

 Ohio River basin, where drainage is imperfect; the 

 most conspicuous deposits are in basins and lakes in- 

 closed among the morainic knolls, but there are exten- 

 sive peat bogs in northern Ohio between moraines 

 where adequate drainage has not been developed. 



