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ON GEOGRAPHICAL TEACHING IN SCOTLAND. 165 
At Aberdeen Training College the previous training of the students 
and their knowledge of the subject are regarded as satisfactory, so that 
there is now no special instruction in the subject, and attention is 
confined to the methods of teaching Geography. ‘The classes consist of 
thirty to forty students, and thirty periods are devoted to the methods 
of teaching Mathematics, Nature Study, and Geography, so that if the 
time is equally divided Geography can receive only ten periods. 
At Edinburgh at least thirty periods are given to the study of 
Geography, and the classes consist of forty to fifty students. At 
Glasgow the Geography course extends to thirty periods, and for 
lectures the classes average eighty students, while for practical work 
they are reduced to twenty-seven. At St. Andrews sixty periods are 
devoted to the study of Geography, and the classes number twenty-five 
students. 
The University students in training at the Edinburgh centre receive 
no instruction in Geography unless they elect to include the subject in 
their graduation course at the University; a considerable number do 
so, but the larger number, who do not, are being sent out each year— 
many to teach in Secondary schools—without any equipment to teach 
the subject so far as the Training College is concerned, 
At Glasgow the subject has been dropped from the curriculum 
of the University students in training, and attention is confined to 
methods in teaching Geography, in spite of the fact that in very many 
cases the previous study of the subject has been quite insufficient. 
Finally, recent legislation by the Scotch Education Department, and 
local conditions at several of the Training Centres, now make it quite 
possible for students who may have ceased the study of Geography 
after obtaining the Intermediate Certificate to complete their professional 
training without much, if any, further instruction in the subject. 
In the opinion of the Committee it should be rendered necessary for 
all University students in training to have obtained the Leaving 
Certificate in Geography unless adequate instruction in the subject is 
provided in their professional course, or unless they include the subject 
in their graduation course at the University. 
V. Universities —Geography was first recognised by the Scottish 
Universities in 1908, when a lecturer was appointed as head of a new 
department in that subject in the University of Edinburgh. The 
lecturer has an ordinary class extending over the whole session (three 
terms) and two advanced classes, each of which is confined to a single 
term. From the first the ordinary class has qualified for admission to the 
M.A. examination, Geography being now one of the optional subjects 
in that degree. One of the advanced classes is a non-graduation class. 
The other, which is devoted especially to Economic Geography, is the 
qualifying class for an optional paper for the degree of M.A. with 
honours in Economic Science. In five years during which the ordinary 
class has been held, the attendance has been 48, 40, 116, 132, 98. ‘he 
attendance at the advanced class varies from 5 to 10. 
The only other Scottish University which so far recognises Geo- 
graphy is Glasgow, where the lecturer was appointed on similar con- 
ditions to those in Edinburgh in 1909. There Geography may now be 
taken as a subject for either the M.A. or the B.Sc. degree. The 
ordinary class is the qualifying class for the M.A., and the advanced 
