180 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1913. 
for obtaining two compressions, but it is hardly satisfactory for all cases, 
and might be replaced by external fluid pressure on a solid specimen with 
free ends, as in Bridgman’s pinching-off test, but this requires extremely 
high pressures. A complete treatment of the problem in three dimen- 
sions appears possible only by the use of high-fluid pressures. 
Cases of combined stresses in engineering practice should be the sub- 
jects for separate tests, and cannot entirely replace those which are in- 
tended to determine the laws of failure. Combined alternating stresses 
are mainly of practical interest, and here again the experiments should be 
modelled to suit the engineering examples. Cases are not uncommon in 
which compound stresses are applied under shock conditions, but a further 
consideration of this matter might well be the subject for a later report. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON COMBINED STRESS. 
1 Coulomb 1776 Essai sur une application de régles de Maximis et 
Minimis & quelques Problémes de Statique, relatifs 
aT Architecture. ‘Mém. par divers Savants,’ 1776. 
2 Vicat 1834 Note sur l’allongement progressif du fil de fer soumis a 
diverses tensions. ‘ Annales des ports et chaussées,’ 
ler semestre, 1834. 
3 Mariotte Traité du mouvement des eaux, sixiéme et troisiéme 
alinéa du second discours. 
4 Lamé 1833 Mémoire sur [Equilibre intérieur des corps solides 
homogénes. Paris, ‘Mém. par divers Savants,’ 
t. 4, 1833. 
5 Poncelet 1839 See ‘Todhunter and Pearson’s History.’ Vol. i. 995. 
6 St. Venant Historique Abrégé in St. Venant’s edition of the 
‘Lecons de Navier,’ pp. cxcix—ccv. 
7 Wertheim 1848 Determinations of Poisson’s Ratio. ‘Annales de 
Chimie,’ t. 23, 1848. 
8 Hodgkinson, E. 1857 Experimental Researches on Cast-Iron Pillars. ‘ Phil. 
Trans. Roy. Soc.,’ 1857. 
9 ‘Tresca, H. 1868 Flow of Metals. 
1872 ‘Mém. par divers Savants,’ 18, 1868. 
1878 Ditto, 1872. ‘Proc. I.M.E.,’ 1878. See also ‘Comptes 
Rendus.’ 
10 1870 Experiments on the Mechanical and other Properties 
of Steel. By a Committee of Civil Engineers, 1870. 
Also Unwin’s ‘ Strength of Materials.’ 
11 Bauschinger 1875 Ueber den Elasticitits-Modul Baustein. ‘Mitt. aus 
dem Mech. Tech. Lab. Miinchen,’ 1875. Also Unwin’s 
‘Strength of Materials.’ 
12 Bauschinger 1876 ‘Mitt. aus dem Mech. Tech. Lab.,’ 1876. 
13 Darwin, G.H. 1882 Stresses produced in the Interior of the Earth by the 
Weights of Continents and Mountains. ‘ Phil. 
Trans. Roy. Soc.,’ 173, 1882. Kelvin and Tait, 
‘Nat. Phil.,’ IL, Art. 832. 
14 Chree, C. ‘ Transactions Cambridge Phil. Soc.,’ vol. xiv., Part IIT., 
p. 273. 
15 Appleby, P. V. 1883 Iron and Steel in Tension, Compression, Bending, 
Torsion and Shear. ‘ Proc. I.C.E.,’ vol. Ixxiv. 
16 Kirkaldy 1884 Iron and Steel in Tension, Compression, Bending, 
Torsion and Shear. ‘Proc. I.C.E.,’ vol. lxxvi. 
17. Platt and 1887 Experiments on the Strength of Iron and Steel in 
Hayward Shear and Torsion. ‘ Proc. I.C.E.,’ vol. xe. 
18 Wehage 1888 On the Critical Extension of Bodies strained simultane- 
ously in Several Directions. ‘Mittheil. aus den 
KGniglichen techn. Versuchsanstalten zu Berlin,’ 
1888. ‘ Proc. I.C.E.,’ 95, p. 410, Abstract. 
