13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1913. 
Bouasse, H., and 1907 Decay of Oscillations. ‘Annal. Chem. Phys.,’ 10, 
Berthier Feb. 1907. ‘Sci. Abs.,’ A, 1907, No. 710. 
See Report, Appendix I. 
Bondouard, O. 1910 ‘Tests on Metals by study of the damping of Oscillations. 
‘Comptes Rendus,’ 150, Mar..14, 1910. ‘Sci. Abs.,’ 
1910, No. 645. 
Bondouard, O. 1910 Tests of Metals by the Abatement of Vibrating Move- 
ments. ‘Comptes Rendus,’ 152, Jan. 3, 1911. ‘Sci. 
Abs.,’ 1911, No. 295. 
Bondouard, O. 1912 Breakdown Tests of Metals. (Alternate Bending.) 
‘Intern. Assoc. for Testing Materials,’ Paper V. 3, 
1912. 
The tests of Nos. 13, 14,and 15 were made on bars 1 em. x $ cm. x 20 em. 
to 30 cm. long ; these were clamped in a vice, and vibrations of the free end 
started and maintained by an electro-magnetic device. The free end of the 
bar carried a mirror, from which photographic records were obtained of the 
oscillations. 
Tests were made, under continued oscillation, of commercial steels of 
0-3 per cent. carbon and other steels, the tests being made on this material as 
received, after annealing, and after tempering. ‘The resistance to fatigue 
was found to be in the order just mentioned, the tempered specimens having 
the lowest resistance. It is stated that the numbers of vibrations before 
fracture are inversely proportional to the carbon content ; puddled iron being 
more resistant than soft Martin’s steel. Under the test, 0-3 carbon steels 
showed no sensible difference between the ‘annealed’ and hardened 
states ; but with high carbon steels, hardening considerably diminished 
the time for fracture at a given rate of oscillation. 
These results are directly opposed to those of Nos. 23, 93, 62, 90, 47. 
It is stated that the stresses were below the ‘elastic limit,’ but no 
calculation is given of the stresses. The numbers of oscillations before 
fracture were, however, between one and two millions in certain cases. 
Breuss, E. About History of Fatigue Tests of Metals. ‘ Baumaterialen- 
1905 kunde,’ xi., pp. 245-249. 
Coker, E. G. 1898 Endurance of Steel Bars subjected to Repetitions of 
Tensional Stress. ‘Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers,’ 
exxxv. 294. 
Shows that very large elongation may be produced by repetitions of a 
process of alternate stressing beyond the yield point and annealing. 
Coker, E. G. 1902 Effect of Low Temperature on Over-strained Iron and 
Steel. ‘Phys. Rev.,’ 15, Aug. 1902. ‘Sci. Abs.,’ 
1903, No. 227. See also E. J. McCaustland, No. 55. 
A temperature of 0° C. appears to prevent recovery from tensile over- 
strain ; and moreover to retard recovery when the temperature is after- 
wards made normal. 
Recovery appears to proceed more slowly in the case of steels with larger 
percentage of carbon. 
Drago, E. 1911 Influence of Oscillatory Discharge on Decay of Torsional 
Oscillations. ‘ Accad. Lincei,’ Atti 20, pp. 100-107. 
“Sci. Abs.,’ A, 1911, 1423. 
Drago, E. 1911 Influence of Oscillatory Discharge on Decay of Tor- 
sional Oscillations. ‘ Accad. Lincei,’ Atti 20, pp. 369- 
376. ‘Sci. Abs.,’ A, 1912, 2. 
For Nos. 19 and 20, see Report, Appendix I. 
Dudley, C. B. 1904 Alternate Bending Stresses. ‘Iron and Steel Metal- 
turgist,’ Feb. 1904. 
A photograph shows fatigue fractures of an axle, a bolt, and three rotating 
bar test pieces. The conclusion is drawn that if one is having trouble with 
‘ detail’ (7.e., fatigue) fractures the best cure is to adopt a stiffer, 7.e., harder, 
stecl. 
