204 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1913. 
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sponding to the hysteresis effect on taking a specimen through a cycle of 
strain, and not to molecular friction.’ The meaning of this is not clear. 
Ewing, Sir J. A. 1889 On Hysteresis in the Relation of Strain to Stress. 
‘ British Assoc. Report,’ 1889. See also Ewing’s 
‘Strength of Materials.’ 
Ewing, Sir J. A. 1902 Fracture of Metals under Alternations of Stress. ‘ Phil. 
and Trans.,’ A, 200. 
Humfrey, J.C. W. 
The important conclusions are well known, and therefore do not require 
to be quoted. For further micrographic work, see Nos. 62, 63 and 82. 
Fairbairn, Sir W. 1864 The Effect of Impact Vibratory Action and Changes 
of Load on Wrought-iron Girders. ‘Phil. Trans. 
Roy. Soc.’ See Unwin’s ‘ Testing of Materials.’ 
Finley, W. H. 1906 Case of Failure of Iron from Fatigue. ‘ Engineering 
News,’ 55, p. 487. ‘Sci. Abs.,’? A, 1906, 1200. 
Coupling pin of a ‘mine trip’ found to be brittle. Toughness was 
restored by ‘ annealing.’ 
Foster, F. 1903 Repetition of Stress. ‘Mech. Eng.,’ Nov. 22, 1902. 
‘Sci. Abs.,’ 1903, No. 866. 
It is suggested that fatigue is an effect of accumulated permanent strain, 
the latter being the aggregate of a prolonged series of hysteresis loops. The 
relation between permanent extension and hysteresis is cleared up in No. 4. 
Frémont, C. 1910 The Fatigue of Metals and New Methods of Testing. 
‘Génie Civil,’ Oct. 22, 1910. 
Frémont, C. 1910 Continuation of No. 31. ‘ Génie Civil,’ Nov. 19, 1910. 
Accidents caused by the fracture of steel and attributed to mysterious 
causes, notably fatigue, are in many cases due to bad quality of steel ; 1.e., 
either bad quality generally, or local impurities. 
See also Papers VIII. and X., International Congress for Testing Materials, 
1912. See also Nos. 3, 23 and 94. 
Gardener, J. C. 1905 Effect of Stress Reversals on Steel. ‘Journ. Iron and 
Steel Inst.,’ 67, 1905. ‘Sci. Abs.,’ 1905, No. 1804. 
Quenched steel specimens submitted to alternating stress in a rotating- 
bar machine of cantilever (Wohler) type. High resistance was found. This 
agrees with No. 65. See also No. 66. 
Grimaldi, G., 1909 Influence of Oscillatory Discharge and of Magnetisation 
and upon the Elastic Hysteresis for Extension of Iron. 
Accolla, G. ‘ Elettricista, Rome,’ 8, pp. 329-31. ‘ N. Cimento,’ 18, 
pp. 446-77. ‘Sci. Abs.,’ 1910, 276. 
Do. 1905 Influence of Magnetisation upon the Elastic Hysteresis 
for Extension of Iron. See ‘Sci. Abs.,’ A, 1905, 927. 
Guye, C. E. 1912 Internal Friction of Solids, Variation with Tempera- 
ture. ‘Journ. de Physique,’ 2 Ser. 5, Aug. 1912. 
‘Sci. Abs.,’ A, 1912, 1793. 
Guye and 1908 On Internal Friction of Solids at Low Temperatures. 
Mintz * Archives des Sciences,’ 26, pp. 136 and 263, 1908. 
Guye and 1909 Internal Friction of Solids at Low Temperatures. 
Friedericksz (Decrement of Torsional Oscillations.) “Comptes 
Rendus,’ 149, Dec. 6, 1909. ‘Sci. Abs.,’ 1910, 
No. 224. ‘Comptes Rendus,’ 150, April 18, 1910. 
‘Sci. Abs.,’ 1910, No. 1189. 
Note.—For Nos. 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38, see Report, Appendix I. 
Do. 1912 Description of Krupp’s Laboratory. (Mentions battery 
of six alternating-shock bending machines.) ‘ Revue 
de Métallurgie,’ 9, 9, Sept. 1912. 
