278 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—IQ13. 
better samples of wire-stabbed and thread-stabbed 
work the margin was reduced. 
4. Illustrations include (1) pictures for young 
readers, (2) diagrams and sketches, and (3) photo- 
graphic reproductions involving considerable 
elaboration of detail. For (1) it is important to 
recollect that children are only confused by elabo- 
rate or complex pictures. Bold, firm treatment 
of a few objects is appropriate alike to their 
visual powers and to their understanding. From 
this point of view line blocks from pen-and-ink 
drawings are preferable to half-tone blocks from 
photographs or from wash-drawings. The pictures 
should be of a good size, and the printed text 
should not extend in narrow lines at the side. In 
the case of (2) diagrams, it is important that the 
lettering should not be too small to be easily read. 
(3) For the older scholars it is sometimes necessary 
to provide illustrations exhibiting details with the 
precision most readily obtainable by photography. 
For the sake of obtaining effective illustrations by 
the half-tone method, use is frequently made of 
highly glazed paper. Whenever this is done it is 
important that such paper should be used for illus- 
trations only, and not for the text. By the use of 
recent methods it is possible to secure half-tone 
prints with good rendering of detail on matt paper. 
Blurred photographs not only fail to instruct; 
they tend to injure eyesight. 
5. Ink.—The ink should be a good black, and 
it is important to secure a proper, sufficient, and 
even distribution of it over the whole page. The 
use of coloured inks for reading matter is strongly 
to be deprecated, especially the use of more than 
one colour on a page. 
6. Mode of printing.—It is important that types 
should be in true alignment along the base line. 
