ON THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL-BOOKS UPON EYESIGHT, 289 
APPENDIX. 
Notes on Technical Terms used in this Report. 
Type-body, type-face, lateral shoulder, large-face.— 
The letters are cast on a ‘ type- -body’; the part of 
the type which actually leaves its impress is the 
‘face.’ When the face is nearly as large as the 
body will carry, the type is ‘large fee. The 
space on the upper surface of the body on each side 
of the face is the lateral ‘shoulder.’ All one reads 
is the impress of the faces of the type. 
Serif.—A type in which each letter had only its 
bare necessary features would be ‘without serif,’ 
the serifs being the terminals of the letters. If of 
proper design, the serifs guide the eye from letter 
to letter and give a balanced effect. In some styles 
the serifs take the form of purposeless ornament, 
which is undesirable in books which are intended 
for continuous reading. 
In condensed or compressed type the bodies are 
narrow, so that the letters are narrow and close 
together. Column 3 of the typographical table 
excludes such type. 
Old face and modern face refer to styles of type. 
In the specimens in the Supplement the faults of 
the more extreme varieties of each have been 
avoided. 
Heavy type, heavy fractions refer to type of which 
the lines are thick. 
Point is a unit of measurement. Unfortunately 
manufacturers do not agree precisely as to the size 
of ‘point’ which they use. Approximately one 
point=1/72 of an inch. Thus an eighteen-point 
type has a body one-quarter inch high. The face 
may be of any size smaller than the body. 
SS U 
