530 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D. 
The Lemurs include the highly varied Malagasy forms, which all have pro- 
cumbent lower incisors, incisiform canines, and more or less caniniform 
premolars. The tympanic annulus is typically a mere ring completely within 
the bulla, the molar touches the lacrymal, the pes is essentially as in Lemur. 
Nesopithecus and other ape-like lemurs, with enlarged brain-case, are closely 
allied to the Indriside, and their resemblances to the Anthropoidea are demon- 
strably convergent, not genetic. Chiromys is rather nearly related to Archao- 
lemur. Its enlarged lower front teeth are probably canines, not incisors. 
Paleopropithecus is not an Indrisid, but is related to Megaladapis. The 
Nycticebi are sharply separated from the Malagasy Lemurs, especially in the 
basicranial region, which is more specialised than in typical Lemurs. 
T'arsius, together with Anaptomorphus, Omomys, Necrolemur, and their 
allies, is probably intermediate between the Lemurs and Anthropoids as held by 
Wortman, Schlosser, and others. The Omomyinze may have given rise to the 
South American Primates as suggested by Wortman. The oldest known 
Platyrhine Homunculus of the Patagonian Santa Cruz formation is definitely 
a Cebid. The oldest Anthropoidea are the primitive genera described by 
Schlosser from the Upper Eocene of Egypt. They show no special approach to 
the Platyrhines. In the pattern of the premolars and molars, as well as in the 
number and kinds of teeth, they are foreshadowed by the Mixodectide of 
doubtful affinity, but these have specialised incisors. The Hominide are 
securely linked with the Simiide, not only by the abundant evidence of anatomy, 
physiology, &c., but also by recent paleontological discovery. 
7. On a Mammal-like Dental Succession in a Cynodont Reptile. 
By R. Broom, D.Sc. 
The author exhibited specimens of the upper and lower jaws of a small species 
of Diademodon. The specimen is not quite adult, as may be seen in the fact 
that the last molar is not yet through to the surface. After death and before 
fossilisation considerable maceration has evidently taken place, resulting in 
most of the teeth having fallen out. All the functional teeth of the upper jaw 
and most of the anterior teeth of the lower are lost. But in the sockets of the 
two upper and two lower canines of one upper incisor and one lower premolar 
are seen the crowns of replacing teeth. There is no evidence of any replacing 
teeth in the sockets of the true molars above. ; 
From the evidence we may conclude that the Cynodonts had deciduous 
incisors, deciduous canines, and four deciduous premolars, exactly as in 
mammals. As there is no evidence in any specimen of a dental succession after 
maturity is reached, we may further conclude that the two sets of teeth 
correspond to the mammalian milk set and permanent set. 
8. Thaumastotherium osborni, a New Genus of Perissodactyles present- 
ing some Unusual Features. By C. Forster Cooper. 
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17. 
The following Papers were read :— 
1. The Organisms of Brine Cultures. By T. J. Evans. 
Experiments were made to re-examine the variation of Artemia salina in 
graded strengths of salt-solution from 4 to 25 per cent. Solutions of Tidman’s 
sea-salt were employed and placed in a good light. Contrary to Calman’s results 
(1911), it was found that the Artemia in 8 and 10 per cent. attained maturity 
without the introduction of extraneous food. The food supply was Chlamydo- 
monas (sp.?) in various stages of its life-cycle. Further, the nauplius stages 
of Artemia die unless the brine contains a supply of free-swimming monads; but 
the adult animal lives on the resting palmella and encysted stages which occur 
