548 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 
In 1903 the systematic exploration and survey were taken in hand and 
descents have since been made annually by the ‘windlass’ method. The total 
length of passages now known and surveyed amounts to about 2,050 yards. 
A plan of the survey up to date will be found in the ‘ Yorkshire Ramblers’ 
Club Journal,’ No. 7, 1906-7, and a completed one is now in course of preparation 
and will shortly be published. 
In addition to the work underground much valuable information has been 
obtained concerning the different channels by which the water of Fell Beck 
enters the Shaft and the Great Chamber. These channels have been studied 
by means of fluorescein and by actual exploration, and the completed plan is 
in course of publication. 
By plotting out the underground survey on the moor above an interesting 
discovery was made in 1909 by the members of the Yorkshire Speleological 
Association, who were able by opening out a ‘shake-hole’ blocked by glacial 
drift to make their way finally into one of the underground passages of Gaping 
Ghyll otherwise than down the main shaft.? 
3. Across Southern Jubaland from the Coast to Mount Kenia. 
By I. N. Dracopor, 
The immediate object of this journey was to elucidate the hydrographical 
problems presented by the disappearance of the river Uaso Nyiro into the 
Lorian Swamp, and to map as much as possible of the unknown country lying 
between the latter place and the sea, which had not been previously visited 
by a white man. 
A start was made from Kismayu, an Arab port situated some nine miles south 
of the mouth of the Juba River. Behind Kismayu, and parallel to the coast, lies 
a low range of sandhills covered with dense bush, above which stand out 
numerous conifers (Juniperus procera). The general slope of the land is from 
the north-west towards the south-east. The country consists of a series of 
broad, shallow valleys almost imperceptible to the eye, for the most part over- 
grown with dense bush and forest, and running in the same general direction. 
Down the centre of these valleys there are dry river-beds, mostly sandy and 
densely covered with jungle. As they draw near the sea these valleys and low, 
rounded ridges disappear, giving place in the north to a level arid plain, which 
is bounded on the east by the above-mentioned sandhills. In the south-east 
the country consists of a densely wooded plateau of slight elevation, drained by 
the rivers Durnford and Arnolé. Near the coast in the Biskayia district are 
several mangrove swamps infested with the tsetse fly. The main watershed in 
Southern Jubaland is that which divides the valley of the Lak Dera from that 
of the Guranlagga. The latter stream rises in the district of Kurde and flows 
almost due east, a very different course from that marked on existing maps. 
There is an important swamp containing a large amount of water in the district 
of Gulola. The country in the interior alternates between impenetrable acacia 
scrub and open park-like glades, which afford admirable pasturage for cattle, 
goats, and sheep, but the districts of Rama Gudi and Arroga are arid in the 
extreme. : 
Southern Jubaland is inhabited by the Ogaden section of the Darod Somali, 
and by a fast-diminishing tribe called the Waboni, who live in a state of semi- 
slavery. The Galla, who originally inhabited the country, have been driven 
southwards and westwards by the victorious Somali. Of the latter, the most 
important sub-tribes are the Mohammed Zubheir, the Abd Wak, the Aulehan, 
the Abdulla, and the Maghabul, of which the latter are the only ones to profess 
friendship for the white man. Near the coast are found some Herti Somali. 
The wealth of the Somali consists of vast herds of camels, cattle, goats, and 
sheep, while they depend for food chiefly on milk and ghee. They are strict 
Mohammedans of the Shujai sect. 
The Lorian district differs in many essential points from Southern Jubaland. 
The Uaso Nyiro River, which rises in the high tableland to the N.W. of 
Mount Kenia, attains its greatest development near the remarkable volcanic 
 Y.R.C. Journal, No. 10, 1910. 
