640 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
of dark, tall, strongly built, Broad-Heads (type 10), and they are also found on 
other stretches of open coast with bays, &c.—e.g., Newquay, in Cardiganshire. 
The estuaries of the South-west have a much smaller infusion of this element, 
but they show numbers of typical Nordics—tall and fair, with narrow or medium 
heads. In the case of the Teifi, there are few of these near the mouth, where 
the moorland comes near to the river on either side. A little further up, how- 
ever, the river has practically isolated a small hill-area in the centre of the 
valley, and Newcastle Emlyn has been built on it. Here there is a marked 
patch of: Nordics, and the type is generally known in Wales as being charac- 
teristic of that region. Our map records only a small number, because in 
several cases the ancestry was somewhat mixed. Milford Haven and other 
inlets have the same types, and they are fairly generally distributed on the coast 
of South Wales. 
The fact that there are at least two very distinct coast populations, found 
usually in different habitats, is interesting. The Welsh chronicles talk of 
Dark Sea Rovers and Fair Sea Rovers. Type 11 is very generally found with 
type 10, and its characters often suggest a cross between types 7 and 10, though 
that is only a guess. 
It may be mentioned that the valleyward movement of population, which is 
such an important consideration as regards the views here advanced, is evidenced 
in many ways by names of administrative divisions, old-established county boun- 
daries, location of old churches, and so on. It would seem that long ago the 
bulk of the population in Wales lived above the 600-foot contour, which is now 
under altered circumstances, approximately the upper limit of anything like 
dense population. 
Collateral lines of inquiry are study of pedigrees for physical character, but 
this is slow and difficult, and study of the growth features of individuals of 
various types. This latter inquiry may prove of some interest in adjusting 
medical and other reports, for these are sometimes very adverse when probably 
the relevant fact is merely the predominance of the Mediterranean type, with its 
smaller measurements. 
Copies of maps, tabular statements, and cards of ideal examples of various 
types have been circulated to assist the discussion. 
3. Karly Egyptian Skeletons.* 
By Professor W. M. Fuinpers Perris, LL.D., D.C.L., F.RS, 
Measurements have been published of 892 skeletons before the Twelfth 
Dynasty, accurately dated, and of 807 more vaguely dated. The cemetery of 
Tarkhan is the largest group of accurately dated skeletons yet found in Egypt, 
600 being all within about one century; and it is of the most important age, 
that of the settlement of the dynastic people in Egypt. The long bones show 
details of distribution of variation much more clearly than the skulls. 
The casual errors are eliminated by counting in groups of 10 mm. together ; 
and by doing this at every mm. the real variations are more clearly shown. 
In the First Dynasty at Tarkhan the female humerus, radius, and clavicle 
only show the normal distribution curve of a single variable. The similar male 
curves all show two superposed variables. The bigger one is proportional to 
the female; the smaller type has no distinct female parallel. 
The female and male curves superposed show the male minority clearly, and 
this is extracted and shown as a separate curve of the excess over the normal 
curve. 
Leg bones apart do not show a distinct grouping, but have a marked grouping 
when added together. The knee-joint growth is therefore a single unit, the 
apportionment of which to either bone is indifferent. Besides the clear male 
minority of four or five per cent., there is a suggestion of a high and a low group 
of both male and female of about two per cent. of the whole people. 
In the whole series of early skeletons the whole leg, humerus, radius, and 
clavicle follow the same course of changes. From the early prehistoric they 
diminish down to the smallest type, that of the invading minority race of the 
‘To be published in the Annual of the British School of Archaeology in 
Lyy pe. 
