ON LIFE-ZONES IN THE BRITISH CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. B79 
One over the Moss coal, with Lingula mytiloides. 
One over the four-foot Wetley Moor coal with Lingula mytiloides and 
compressed goniatites. 
Below the Millstone Grits occurs a series of shales with gannister- 
like sandstones said to be 3,000 feet thick, an estimate which I con- 
sider much too large, for the beds are much rolled, and form a series 
of anti- and synclinals from east to west, and wherever there appears to 
be a direct sequence from limestone to the grits there is never room for 
more than about 1,000 feet of Measures. Below this gritty bed are a 
series of shales with bullions and thin earthy limestones. 
These beds are characterised by a curious fauna which seems to have 
lived on till the Lower Coal Measures of Lancashire were laid down. The 
fauna comprises several forms of goniatites. 
Glyphioceras Phillipsti, G. micronotum, G. vesica, G. implicatum, 
G. platylobum, G. stenolobum, G. nitidum, G. reticulatum, G. Davisi, 
G. diadema, Dimorphoceras Gilbertsoni, D. discrepans, Gastriosceras car- 
bonarium, G. Listeri, Nautilus, Orthoceras, Nuculana  stilla, Schizo- 
dus antiquus, Posidoniella levis, P. Kirkmani, P. varians, Aviculopecten 
papyraceus. Gastropoda of several genera also occur. 
Messrs. Barnes and Holroyd, who have for some years watched the 
tunnel driven by the London and North-Western Railway under Pule 
Hill, Marsden, have made a fine collection from the bullions contained in 
the shales. These are evidently on the same horizon as the shales of 
High Greenwood, Cumsworthdean, near Todmorden, from which localities 
long lists are given in Davis and Lees’s ‘ West Yorkshire.’ I have detected 
the same bullions with fossils near Dane Bridge, Cheshire, and the 
Coombes Leek, Staffordshire, and am of opinion that this bed occurs not 
far below the Shale or Pendle Grit ; and I believe it to be the representa- 
tive of the Pendle Limestone as found on Pendle Hill. 
At Congleton Edge, Cheshire, which is nearly 1,000 feet high, there 
is a complete sequence from the first bed of millstone grit to the limestone 
massif. This range of the escarpment of this hill is formed by millstone 
grit ; two beds, the first and third, with a few feet of intervening shale 
occur. Some 200 yards below this is a quarry, at the base of which 
are beds of hard, gannister-like quartzose sandstone with plant remains, 
which may be the representative of the shale grit. These are suc- 
ceeded with laminated black shale crammed with compressed goniatites, 
Posidoniella levis and P. Kirkmani. Above these are 10 to 20 feet of 
grey marl with layers of calcareous bullions, in which the following fauna 
occurs :— 
Ceratiocaris Oretonensis Discina nitida 
Dythiocaris testudineus Lingula scotica 
Orthoceras, sp. “f mytiloides 
Glyphioceras diadema Pecten, sp. 2 
fe sp. Myalina peralata 
Nautilus, sp. Posidoniella semisulcuta 
Terebratula hastata Modiola transversa 
Spirifer glaber : Protoschizodus orbicularis 
»  bisuleatus Parallelodon obtusus 
Athyris planosulcata 33 sp. 
»  amnbiqua Nucula gibbosa 
Orthis resupinata »  @qualis 
»  Michelini Ctenodonta sinuosa 
Streptorhynchus crenistria Edmondia sulcata 
Productus semireticulatus Uytilinorphe rhombea 
