ON THE TY NEWYDD CAVES. 4.07 
3 ft., but at this point it widened out and divided into two passages, one 
3 ft. to 4 ft. wide, continuing due N., the other 1 ft. to 2 ft., turning 30° 
to the E. 
We followed each of these passages for some distance, but they gradu- 
ally became filled with large blocks of limestone ; and as we found that one 
very large block formed a continuous floor 13 ft. below the surface, which 
would have prevented our exploring at a lower level, we thought it best 
to abandon this part of the work, and to sink a shaft at 25 ft. from the 
quarry entrance. This shaft was carried to a depth of 25 ft. from the 
surface, when the boulder clay above began to fall in, owing to the heavy 
rains in January. The expense required to shore up the roof and to make 
further working safe would have been very great, so we were reluctantly 
obliged to fill in all this part of the cave to prevent any further sub- 
sidence. 
The material excavated consisted chiefly of clayey gravel, containing 
some sand, and also some stalagmite. A sample sent to Mr. Strahan for 
examination was found to contain striated stones. There was also some 
stalagmite adhering to the walls. As we passed to a lower level the 
sand disappeared, and the gravel became undistinguishable from the lowest 
clayey gravel found in former portions of the cave, but we could not 
clearly determine the line which separated the deposits. There were also 
a few thin beds of clay in the upper gravel. 
These deposits had been cut through vertically in several places, and 
large beds of sand and of laminated sandy clay had been introduced. In 
one case the division between the gravel and the sand beds was concave. 
At the 25-ft. shaft there was a funnel-shaped bed of sand which 
thinned off below into a long pipe with cross sections 1 ft. by 3in. This 
od nearly the whole depth of the shaft and then turned towards 
the N. 
Besides having to abandon this part of the work without fully deter- 
mining the correlations of the beds, we were also under the disadvantage 
of not knowing what the deposits may have been in the upper portion of 
the cave in the old quarry, and are thus unable to make out the exact 
connection between the northern and southern parts of the western cave 
with each other and with the eastern cave. 
Twenty-two feet beyond our furthest work under the garden there is 
a cutting in the hillside to provide a level space on which some cottages 
have been erected. In the courtyard behind these cottages, after re- 
moving modern débris, we found a fissure cave, considerably wider than 
the former western cave fissure, being 4 to 5 ft. across. The direction in 
this part was nearly E. and W., but there were indications that it subse- 
quently turned in a northerly direction. The undisturbed material con- 
sisted of a very deep bed of laminated clayey sand, containing large 
blocks of limestone and massive stalagmite fragments, one of the latter 
measuring over 18 in. in thickness, Below this there was a bed of gravel 
which had apparently been introduced from a small fissure, 1 ft. 6 in. 
wide, which runs in the direction of our former workings. Just opposite 
this fissure the gravel was at its highest level, and the dip to the N,-W. 
was so great that we thought it useless to excavate far, as there was no 
promise of a mouth by which animals could have entered the cave. 
There was no true roof of rocks, but the sides were composed of a 
limestone breccia, with blocks of several tons weight, so that the exca- 
vation was a work of no little difficulty and danger. In the heavy rains 
