4.08 REPORT—1899. 
of the early spring the work became too perilous, and we were obliged to 
refill the cave before a serious fall could take place. 
(3) At a distance of 200 yards from Ty Newydd cave, on the same 
hillside, a trial pit had been made for lead about sixty years ago. The 
miners passed through 14 ft. of rock, and then came to an open cave, 
which they did not disturb. On removing the débris which filled this pit 
we found an open chamber 20 ft. by 12 ft., and 8 ft. high in the centre. 
From this chamber a tunnel, about 3 ft. wide, ran 8., and another small 
passage 1 ft. wide extended W. ; both of these were filled to the roof at a 
distance of 12 ft. and 5 ft. respectively from the chamber. The pit was 
over the extreme northern end of the chamber. Immediately under this 
opening in the rock we sank a shaft 14 ft. deep to the rock floor, and 
obtained the following succession :— 
Sand, 4 ft., the surface rising a foot more in the chamber. 
Laminated sandy clay, 6 ft., with many large blocks of limestone, and 
fragments of massive stalagmite, with stalactites 8 in. to | ft. in diameter. 
Clayey sand, 4 ft. 
There was no trace of gravel, nor could we see any indications of a 
natural outlet to the surface. The lamine of the middle bed dipped to 
the N., showing that the cave continued in this direction. 
General Summary of Results. 
As this is the final report on the excavations, it will be convenient to 
give a general summary of the work done, and of the conclusions at which 
we have arrived.! 
The excavation was commenced on December 23, 1896, and termi- 
nated May 6, 1899. 
The following grants have been obtained towards the expenses :— 
Royal Society Donation . : : : : -. ho 
Government Grant Fund, 1897 : : : sca ee 
> Leos ‘ ce aera 
British Association, 1898 greoes | Si 
In addition to these grants further sums have been obtained from 
private sources. 
About 1,300 tons of material have been excavated, and as most of the 
exploration has been below the surface, the material was usually wound up 
in buckets and deposited at a higher level. All the original excavation 
of the caves has been done by the theological students of St. Beuno’s 
College, although for a great part of the time one or two workmen have 
been employed to remove the débris. 
The general direction of the cave fissures in this neighbourhood, in- 
cluding those of Ffynnon Beuno and Cae Gwyn, is N. and 8. In the last 
two caves only have natural mouths been discovered, and they are conse- 
quently the only ones in which there are traces of occupation by animals 
and man. 
In the longest portion excavated, the western cave, Ty Newydd, which 
) Papers frequently alluded to in this Report are: Dr. Hicks’s reports on Ffynnon 
Beuno and Cae Gwyn caves, 1884, Proc. Geol. Assoc.1; @.J.G.S. 1886, p. 3, 
1888, p. 56. Report on Ty Newydd caves by present writer, @./.G.S. 8198, p. 119. 
This last paper refers to other publications on Ffynnon Beuno and Cae Gwyn 
caves. 
