486 REPORT—1899. 
the higher level of the viaduct deck. When originally designed as a 
sheltering work, it was intended to provide on its eastern side a parapet 
somewhat similar to that on the Admiralty Pier. As shelter will in time 
be given by the works of the Admiralty Harbour, this parapet will now 
be omitted. 
For the construction of the solid work, a substantial temporary stage 
carrying three powerful ‘Goliath’ cranes was erected. The outermost 
Goliath worked a heavy grab, by means of which the loose material over- 
lying the chalk was excavated. From the centre Goliath was slung an 
exceptionally large diving-bell, from which the excavation and levelling 
of the chalk bed were effected. This part of the work was very heavy, 
as no block was allowed to be set at less than 3 feet below the surface of 
the solid chalk. 
The inner Goliath was used for unloading the blocks brought on 
trucks, over a temporary connecting viaduct now removed, and for 
setting them in the pier. 
The blocks throughout are of concrete, those above low water level 
being faced with granite. They vary in weight from 12 to 20 tons. 
Below low water they are set without mortar, but are well bonded and 
keyed together by ‘ joggles,’ inserted into recesses cored out at the time 
the blocks are moulded. 
Above low water the blocks are set in Portland cement mortar, and 
are also keyed by joggles. 
Probably some members of this Association may wish to visit the 
works, and will then be able to see many details, a description of which 
time does not allow to be included in this paper. Among these details, 
the concrete mixing machinery, the character of the moulds used in the 
manufacture of the blocks, and the methods employed for lifting them, 
will probably be of most general interest. 
The pier will be fitted with two fendered berths on each side and a 
landing-stage, for the accommodation of steamers, on the west side. 
Landing-steps, mooring-bollards, lamps, gas and water services are also 
to be provided. 
The pier terminates in a circular head 52 feet in diameter, and on 
this a lighthouse of concrete masonry, faced with granite, will shortly be 
constructed. 
It has already been indicated that the type of structure adopted for 
the East Pier is similar to that to be followed in building the works for 
the formation of the Admiralty Harbour, but on account of their exposed 
positions and the heavy wave stroke to which they will be subjected, the 
latter will necessarily be of considerably greater dimensions ; compari- 
son of the section of the East Pier with the section of the Admiralty 
Pier extension, as shown on diagrams, confirms this statement. 
The cross section of the Admiralty Pier extension, shown on the 
diagram, is worth notice if only on account of the magnitude of the 
temporary works. The staging, of which a short length can now be 
seen projecting from the end of the turret, is probably more massive 
than any similar structure hitherto erected in the sea. The height from 
the ground level to the highest point of the Goliath is 150 feet, and the 
total width of the stage at rail level 115 feet. 
Comparative sections of the South Breakwater, east arm and re- 
clamation wall were shown. 
The area to be reclaimed between the east arm and the Castle Jetty 
