ON THE ETHNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 501 
4, K-okdiap’, place of strawberries. 22. Tkkdéau'm. 
5. Si’ska, uncle. 23. Sku’zis, jumping. Place where the 
6. Ahulga. people were formerly much given 
7. N’zatzahatko, clear water. to jumping. 
8. Sluktla’ktmn, crossing place (Indians 24. Ckio’kEm, little hills. 
- crossed the river in canoe here). 25. Tca’tia. 
9. Statcia’ni, beyond the mountain 26. Skudia’‘k’k, skinny (people), 
(Jackass Mountain). 27. Tik’tiltc. 
10. N’ko'iam’, eddy. 28. C’kueét. 
11. N’ka’tzam, log bridge across stream. 29, Cuimp, strong (head village of the 
12. K-apasloq, sand roof (a great settle- Lower N'tlaka’pamuaq, just above 
ment in former times). Yale). 
13. Cuk’, little hollow or valley. 30, Cpu’zum or Spu’zum. Name has re- 
14, Sk’miic, edge of the flat. ference to a custom prevalent here 
15. C’nta’k’tl, bottom of the hill. in the old days. ‘he people of 
16. Spé/im, pleasant, grassy, flowery spot. one place would go and sweep 
17. Tzau’amuk, noise of rolling stones in the houses of the people in 
bed of stream. another, and they would return 
18. N’pEk’tEm, place where the Indians * the compliment next morning at 
obtained the white clay they daybreak. This was a constant 
burnt and used for cleaning wool, practice. 
&e. (ef. pEk= white). 31. N’ka’kim, despised. Name has re- 
19. Ti’metl, place where red ochre was ference to the poor social conditior 
obtained. of the inhabitants of this village 
20. Klapatci’tcin, North Bend = sandy in former days. . They were much 
landing. looked down upon by the Spu’zum 
21. Kléau’kt, rocky bar. people. Hence the name. 
Social Organisation. 
The primitive customs of the N’tlaka’pamua, like those of their neigh- 
bours, have for the most part given way to new ones borrowed from the 
whites. Some few are retained in a more or less modified form, and are 
still practised by the older people. The social system of the N’tlaka/pamug 
seems to have been a very simple one. I could hear of nothing in the 
way of secret societies, totemic systems, or the like. The whole group 
was comprised under one tribal name, and spoke the same tongue with 
slight dialectal differences. They were, however, divided into numerous 
village communities, each ruled over by an hereditary chief. Of these 
latter there were three of more importance than the rest, viz. the chief of 
the lower division of the tribe, whose headquarters was Spu’zum ; the 
chief of the Nicola division, which was called by the lower division 
Tetia'qamuq ; and the chief of the central division, whose headquarters 
was Tik-umtcin (Lytton).! Of these three the most important was the 
chief of the central division. He was lord paramount. The conduct of 
affairs in each community was in the hands of the local chief, who was 
1 Dr. Boas divides the tribe into five divisions. It is true there are five groups, 
but not, in the strict sense of the word, five divisions. There were the central 
Tik-umtci/nmuQ at the confluence of the Fraser and Thompson (who, together 
with the neighbouring communities, constituted the N’tlaka’pamugoé, i.e. the 
N’tlaka’pamuq proper), and the villages on the Fraser above Tlk-umtci'n, which 
formed the central division; the villages on the upper part of the Thempson, and 
those of the Nicola valley, which formed the upper division; and the villages below 
the N’tlakapamugoé, which formed the lower division. Dr. Boas has named this 
_ division Uta'mpt, as if it were the divisional name of these lower communities. 
_ This is a misconception. The term means, rather, ‘below river’ people or ‘down 
river’ people, and is applied by these very people themselves to the Yale tribe 
below them, and by the Yale people again to the other Kau'itcin tribes farther 
down the river. I know of no proper ‘group’ name peculiar to the lower division 
other than the general term N’tlaka’pamuq. 
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