ON THE ETHNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 515 
in the midst of the village site of the old Lytton people. They are 
of irregular shape, 10 and 44 feet high respectively and about 20 feet 
apart. Their perimeters are 31 and 27 feet respectively. After the 
Tlikumtci/nmug youths had been in the river it was the custom for them 
to exercise themselves near these rocks. They would run in succession up 
the side on to the top of the lower one, pause there a moment, and then 
run down the side facing the other rocks, reach it in three strides, and 
leap upon the top. They would then shake their clubs and spears as if 
defying an enemy, leap down again, and run at the boulders with uplifted 
weapon, as if they were enemies. Those practices have long since been 
given up, and the youths of the present day are very different from those 
of the past. 
Canoes. 
The N’tlaka’pamugoé used three different kinds of canoes, the birch- 
bark, cedar, and skin canoe. The commonest and that most preferred for 
ordinary use was the birch-bark canoe. Sometimes the place of this 
would be taken by one constructed from cedar hollowed from the log in 
the usual way by means of fire and adzes. The skin canoe, made by 
stretching the skin of an elk or caribou over a framework of wood, was: 
essentially the hunter’s canoe, and was mainly employed by him in ferry- 
ing himself and his belongings over bodies of water that lay in his path 
when out hunting. The paddles for both the skin and bark canoes were 
double-bladed. For the cedar canoe a single-bladed paddle was employed. 
Archeological. 
Under this heading, and as announced in the last report of this 
_ Committee, I had prepared a somewhat lengthy paper, before the 
American Museum of Natural History had published Mr. Harlan Smith’s 
Report on the Archeology of Lytton and Neighbourhood. But, as this 
publication covers the same ground as my own, it will be unnecessary 
at this time to publish a second report of this area. I shall therefore 
_ simply add a few further remarks upon the method of stone-cutting 
employed by the old-time dwellers in this region, as evidenced by the 
partially cut stones themselves, recovered from the ancient camp sites of 
this locality. In his report Mr. Smith inclines to the opinion that the 
cutting was done by sandstone slips or flakes. That many of the cuts 
were effected in this way there can be no doubt, as I pointed out some two 
years ago ; the bevelled sandstone grinders found in great numbers on 
the old camp-sites fitting these grooves to a nicety. And that these can 
make grooves of this kind in the greenstone boulders I have demonstrated 
by grinding them out myself. Indeed it surprised me to find how readily 
the hard serpentine or harder nephrite (jade) could be grooved in this way 
But all the boulders were not so cut. Dr. G. M. Dawson was informed 
by some of the old men at Lytton that the old people’ used to cut out 
their jade, adzes, and chisels from the block by means of quartz crystals, 
Chief Mischelle also made the same statement to me, and explained 
further how they effected it. Having selected a suitable boulder, the 
Stone-cutter would fasten two strips of wood together at a distance of 
about half an inch apart, something after the principle of parallel ruler 
only the parallels are rigid in this case. This he laid upon the surface of 
block for holding his crystal in place and keeping his line straight 
the cutting utensil working to and fro between the parallel bars or strips 
= LL2 
