O24 REPORT—1899 
In the contiguous Shushwap Dr. Boas has recorded ‘inclusive’ and ‘ exclusive’ 
forms for the first person plural and the possessive pronouns. I have not been able 
to discover these differentiations in the Lower N’tlaka’pamuq dialect. 
SUBSTANTIVE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
These forms are used in answer to the question, ‘ Whose is this?’ 
hawi'ntl, thine, or it is thine, sometimes wintl. 
tcini/ntlc, his or hers, or it is his or hers. 
nEmé’meEtlk’t, ours, or it is ours. 
pia'pstalEp, yours, or it is yours. 
Ltcinku’ctatli’gs, theirs, or it is theirs. 
*ntca’ntl, mine, or it is mine. 
Singular 
Plural 
There is another form compounded from a word meaning ‘belongings,’ ‘ posses- 
sions,’ &c., and the possessive pronoun, and which is the equivalent of our phrase 
‘this is mine.’ 
*n—ci/tEn, mine, or this is mine. 
Singular ; 4—cii'tEn, thine, ,, ,, ,, thine. 
| cu’'tEn—s, his,,, ,, ,, his or hers. 
( cu'tEnk’t, our, 5, GF Stouts: 
Pluval, ci'tEnap, yours, ,, ., ,, yours, 
| ci/tEnigs, theirs, ,, ,, ,, theirs. 
This term cii'tEn is also verbalised ; as, cii/tEnsta'na, I own it; ci/tEnmi’na, I hold 
= ; ? , 
possession of it. 
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. 
sqttat or ciiat? who? ex., ciat Qa? who is that? 
ciiat q? who are you? 
ha’ntla? which? ha’ntla wintl? which is thine? 
ha‘ntla ha sk‘a’qa? which horse is yours ? 
But in the question ‘ which of them?’ Aqa'n? is the correct form; sta? what? what 
do you want? stakas hoakst? Aska‘num? what? what are you eating? sta’adpinog ? 
what colour? aska’num mita? nik sta? In what? In the phrase ‘which horse is 
yours?’ the term for horse is abbreviated to sk:a’qa, which commonly means dog. 
This abbreviation is quite common in conversation. The full term in Lower N’tlaka’- 
pamugQ is n’g'«'ltza-ska'ga; in the Tlk-umtci''nmuQ dialect it is intsa-sh-a'qa. 
RELATIVE PRONOUN. 
The N’tlaka’pamuq rarely, if ever, use relative pronouns as we do; indeed, I 
doubt if a true relative exists. But in translating an English sentence with a rela- 
tive pronoun in it they sometimes use the particle tas to represent our ‘who’ or 
‘which ;’ as, tlaha’ ko’kpi tas teitcams, ‘The heavenly chief who made me,’ but 
more often they express themselves thus: Quzte’na tlr’n kiq tla tzok-, I loved my 
sister who is dead,’ which, literally taken, is rather, ‘I love my sister (absent), that 
one dead.’ 
EMPHATIC REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS. 
n’tcau’amatl, I myself. nEmé/mEtlmat], we ourselves. 
Awi'matl, thou thyself. piya’pstamatl, i 
tcini’tlmatl, he himself. tcinko’stamatl, - 
There is another reflexive form used with verbs, viz., tciit, as oié¢cw/tkin, I burn 
myself; kestan/cut, becoming bad in oneself. I have not found this form apart from 
the verb. 
DEMONSTRATIVES. 
qaha’, this. tlaha’, that. 
qa qa ha’, these. tla tla ha’. those. 
ha, tla, the. 
