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ON THE LAKE VILLAGE AT GLASTONBURY. 595 
follows :--Thirty pieces and implements of cut bone, ten pieces of bronze, 
portions of two glass beads, fifteen pieces of cut horn, including seven 
weaving combs. There were also objects of iron, lead, tin, and Kim- 
meridge shale, four quern stones, fifteen spindle whorls, and the usual 
quantity of pottery in fragments, bones, and baked clay. Since the last 
report was read, Dr. J. H. Gladstone has very kindly made an exhaustive 
examination and analysis of the metals, and in his three valuable reports 
he says :— 
Report A, 
I have examined the specimens you kindly sent me from the Lake 
Village both by the microscope and chemical analysis. The following are 
the results arrived at :— 
No. 1 Bronze.—This consisted of thin strips of metal, evidently coated 
with oxide. The smaller piece was analysed just as it was, and gave 
Copper . . : . : . - 60°8 per cent, 
Tiny . : : . . : - 23:5 ditto 
There was a little iron, but no lead or silver was found, nor any sulphur. 
The deficiency on analysis must have been almost wholly oxygen. As 
the tin is in such unusual proportion, I scraped the surface of both sides 
of the larger strip, and obtained a very thin plate which showed metallic 
lustre. This, pretty nearly freed from the crust of oxide, was analysed as 
before, and then gave 
Copper . . : . . . . 80:7 per cent. 
Tiny? . . : . 5 . » 15:7 ditto 
There was a small quantity of iron. The scrapings from the surface 
proved to be almost entirely oxide of tin, but contained small quantities 
of copper and iron. It was evident that in the slow decomposition of 
this bronze, the copper had mostly disappeared while the tin remained in 
the crust as the insoluble oxide. It is also evident that the original 
bronze did not contain 23 per cent. of tin, which would be a very unusual 
amount, but even 15 per cent. is a rich bronze, such as might be expected 
where tin ore abounded. The absence of lead is significant, as that metal 
was generally one of the components of Roman bronze of the period. 
No. 2.—The lump of rust-coloured substance which surrounded the 
bronze was found to be peaty matter infiltrated with iron oxide. There 
was no tin, but a little copper, which doubtless had dissolved from the 
adjoining metal. The second specimen was of very much the same 
character. 
No. 3.—This black powder is not antimony, but finely pulverised 
galena (sulphide of lead). I find it leaves a black mark if rubbed on the 
skin ; and from the articles with which it was associated I presume it was 
used for the same purpose as stibium. 
No. 4.—This white metal is pure tin, containing no silver, lead, or 
copper in perceptible quantity. Jt had a slight crust of black oxide of 
tin. The black powder, which you sent me in the same box, when 
examined microscopically, was found to be minute fragments of quartz 
encrusted with tinstone. This suggests that the fine sand containing 
stream tin was carefully collected, and smelted in the village. It is 
interesting to note that metallic tin was used for a finger ring in Egypt, 
QQ2 
