872 REPORT—1899. 
4. On the Occurrence of ‘ Celtic’ Types of Fibula of the Hallstatt and 
La Tene Periods in Tunisia and Eastern Algeria. By Artuur J. 
Evans, Jf.A., F.S.A. 
In the course of a recent journey through Tunisia and Eastern Algeria, the 
author found repeated evidence that a form of ‘ Late Celtic’ fibula, answering to a 
well-known ‘ Middle La Téne’ type of continental archeologists, was in use among 
the ancient Numidians. Three examples of this were described; two from near 
Constantine (the ancient Cirta), and one from a dolmen near El-Kef (Sicca 
Venerea). The author traced the origin of this type in the lands about the head 
of the Adriatic, and its subsequent diffusion on EKuropean soil. Attention was 
called to the new materials for the chronology of this and other allied forms, 
supplied by Bianchetti’s excavations in the Gaulish cemeteries of Ornavasso near 
the Lago Maggiore, where a large series of tombs were approximately dated by 
the presence of coins, 
The author also described some examples of earlier fibule found at Carthage, 
and in a dolmen near Guyotville in Algeria. Two of the forms are parallel to 
those found in the early cemetery of Fusco near Syracuse, and may have been due 
to the same Corinthian influence which during the sixth, seventh, and eighth 
centuries seems to have been predominant at Carthage itself. Another Cartha- 
ginian fibula is identical with a Hallstatt type, and is the prototype of the ‘ cross- 
bow’ form so widely distributed throughout the north, when it gave birth toa 
long succession of derivative forms reaching down in Gothland and elsewhere to 
medizval times. In the case of both the earlier and later African examples there 
is thus an indication pointing to the ancient course of the amber trade by the 
Adriatic coast. The appearance of Celtic types of fibula among the Numidians 
finds its complement in the discovery of large hoards of Carthaginian and 
Numidian coins on the transit line of this commerce between the Save and the 
Adriatic. Attention was further called to the appearance of ‘ Late Celtic’ forms 
of Fibula in the Carthaginian Dominion of Western Sicily. 
5. On Irish Copper Celts. By GEorGE CoFFEY. 
Celts, apparently of unalloyed copper, though rare compared with those of 
bronze, have been found in considerable numbers in Ireland. Thirty specimens 
are described or mentioned in the Catalogue of the Museum of the Royal Irish 
Academy, published in 1861, The Academy’s Collection (now in the National 
Museum, Dublin) at present numbers eighty-two examples. 
Copper celts are not confined to any particular district : examples are recorded 
from the counties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim, Cavan, Mayo, Galway, Louth, 
Tipperary, Waterford, Cork—localities embracing the extreme north and south, 
and east and west of the island. 
One specimen was analysed by J. W. Mallet in 1855: it gave copper, 98°74; 
tin, 1:09.1 
During the present year Mr. J. Holmes Pollok, Royal College of Science, 
Dublin, kindly analysed for me eight additional specimens as shown on next 
age. 
s ° The analyses are fairly in line with analyses of copper celts from other 
parts of Europe, with the exception of W. 10. This celt is one of the best 
tinished copper celts in the collection; the metal is, however, very soft and hardly 
serviceable. It is remarkable for the almost total absence of tin (0:05) and the 
high percentage of lead (2:74). There is not evidence to show whether the 
presence of the lead is intentional or accidental. It was found at Tramore, 
county Waterford, a rich copper district. Numerous lodes of copper and lead are 
exposed in the clitis of this locality, and extensive remains of ancient workings 
have been found in a promontory near Tramore. 
1 Trans. R.I_A. vol. xxii. 
