Reference 
Copper 
Arsenic 
) Total . 
Density . 
TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
{ 
rae — Cork | Galway | Tyrone — Bae — 
W. 3 |W. 17/ 1881/1386 | 1874/38 |1897/112 | 1896/7 | W. 10| 1875/20 | 
8833 | 8-698 8430 8:749 8°862 8811 | 8:987 8°705 | 
98°43 | 96°75 98°73 97 68 97°25 97:17 | 96°46 98:24 
‘76 | 1°35 ‘18 76 1:56 1:86 | Trace 13 
Trace 60 10 ‘79 51 27 05 83 
25 14 13 “18 "26 sy! —_ ‘07 
05 46 ‘07 —_ ‘17 17 | 2-74 12 
ei fa 44 andl ae ss 
a9 = i = ae = 21 Ries 
—_ 07 — —_— 10 —- "25 -— 
99-49 | 99:27 99°21 99°85 99°84 99°58 | 99-71 99°39 
The classification of the copper celts by metal is confirmed by type divisions. 
The copper celts are invariably of the plain flat type, without ornament, and in no 
instance showing even rudimentary stop ridges. Ten specimens closely resemble 
common forms of Irish small stone celts. 
ingots, but in four instances they have been ground to an edge for use. 
Some of these might be regarded as 
The 
examples of developed metal form are in general ruder and heavier than bronze 
celts. In some cases the rough surface marks of casting have not been removed, 
but in many instances these celts show traces of having been rubbed down over 
the body of the celt, after the manner of stone celts. 
copper torm can be classified under two main types. 
1. More or less V-shaped ; flare of cutting edge wide compared with length of 
celt, leading to plain bronze celt of type (Evans, tig. 28, and Wilde, fig. 247). 
z. Cutting edge narrow compared with length, and in some instances nearly 
semicircular ; sides more or less parallel, leading to long, slender, plain bronze celt 
of type (Evans, fig. 33). In several instances types 1 and 2 cross. In both types 
the butt end, in the majority of examples, is thick and squared off, showing a 
quadrangular section. 
off of the butt end is noticeable. 
The copper celts appear, therefore, to represent, apart from metal, a transition 
from stone to bronze types, and can be arranged in series showing development of 
form from stone to bronze. 
‘From the preceding facts it would appear reasonable to conclude that, prior to 
a knowledge of bronze, copper was known and used for cutting implements in 
Treland. 
Celts of the developed 
As the types approach those of the bronze celts a thinning 
_This statement is supported by a find of three copper celts, a copper tanged 
knife, and three copper awls, all found together at Kilbannon, county Galway 
(Academy Oollection). One of the celts is included in the eight analysed by 
Mr. Pollok, 1874: 38. 
} All these objects seem to be copper, and agree most 
closely in the appearance of the metal, as if made from the same piece. The awls 
are of early type, pointed at both ends and without shoulders, and the knife also 
appears to be of an early type. 
6. Stone Moulds for New Types of Implements from Ireland. 
By G. Correy. 
