1 86 JOHN L. PRICER. 



the colony remained in the nest all winter, for I never saw any 

 evidences of swarming, and two winged queens and one male 

 were seen crawling about the nest on the evening of October 21. 



6. On November 23 a friend who lives at Delavan, Illinois, 

 discovered a large colony of C. pennsylv aniens which was living in 

 a chest of small drawers which had been left undisturbed for three 

 years in an old unused wood shed. This colony contained both 

 males and winged queens. 



From an inspection of Tables III. and IV. it will be seen, first, 

 that with the exceptions of colony 6, Table IV., only the larger 

 colonies contained the winged forms during the winter, and that 

 all the largest colonies did contain them. In addition to this 

 some of the larvae of two of the large colonies which did not con- 

 tain winged forms, viz., colonies 6 and 7, Table III., and which 

 were kept in nests in the insectory after capture, proved to be 

 male larvse, and in both these colonies, moreover, the workers 

 laid many eggs during the winter. As the queens of both 

 colonies died soon after capture, the eggs that appeared in the 

 nest must have been those of workers. It has been fairly well 

 established that the eggs of workers usually develop into males, 

 and hence one may be certain that these two colonies would have 

 produced males during the summer of 1907 had they been left 

 undisturbed ; and since, as the tables show, winged forms of both 

 sexes usually occur at the same time, it is quite probable that 

 they would have produced queens. 



Putting together the foregoing observations we may draw some 

 more or less definite conclusions. 



1. In two observed instances queens appeared in the adult 

 V form during the latter part of July and the first part of August, 



and in one of these instances these queens emerging at this time 

 remained in the parental outdoor nest over winter. 



2. One winged queen of C. pennsylv aniens was observed out 

 of the parental nest on May 20 ; a colony of C. ferrugineus was 

 seen in the act of swarming on June 12 ; and a colony of C. 



J pennsylv aniens was reported to have swarmed during July. 



3. All of the colonies of Tables I. and II. must have been 

 established at least as early as July. 



4. Nearly all the larger colonies were found to contain winged 

 forms of both sexes during the winter. 



