MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 61 
Long Island, and off Chesapeake Bay, in 28 to 487 fathoms, by the U. 8S. Fish 
Commission, in 1871, 1880, 1881, and 1882. It is most abundant in 60 to 200 
fathoms. In these localities the variety forming the abode of hermit-crabs 
(mostly Hupagurus politus Smith and EH. Kréyert) is very common, but the 
variety consisting usually of one to three polyps attached to a grain of sand is 
equally or even more common, while the varieties creeping over or incrusting 
sponges, shells, hydroids, tunicates, pebbles, etc., is often very abundant on 
the harder bottonts. It had previously been taken repeatedly by the U.S. 
Fish Commission, from 1871 to 1879, in the Gulf of Maine; Bay of Fundy, in 
40 to 109 fathoms, 1872; off Nova Scotia, in 50 to 190 fathoms, 1877; off 
George’s Bank, in 60 to 430 fathoms, 1872. Also from the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence, incrusting variety, on rocks (coll. Whiteaves). 
The Gloucester fishermen often brought it in from the various fishing banks 
off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, in 100 to 300 fathoms, 1878-80. 
It was originally described by me from specimens of the form covering 
shells occupied by hermit-crabs (in this instance Hupagurus pubescens), from 
off New Jersey, in 30 fathoms, — Capt. Gedney. 
An incrusting variety, apparently identical with the corresponding form of 
our species, has recently been described from the coast of Norway, under the 
name of Zoanthus Norvegicus, by Danielssen and Koren. 
Epizoanthus paguriphilus VErRILL. 
Amer. Jour. Sci., XXIII., Feb. 1882, p. 1387. 
Plate VIII. Fig. 5. 
Coral large, leathery, nearly smooth, translucent, incrusting spiral shells 
inhabited by Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith. The polyps are large, elongated, 
swollen at base, more or less cylindrical, sometimes conical, at other times ex- 
panded at the summit. The surface is throughout smooth, glabrous, naked, 
or with a slight, imperfect coat of fine mud; margin, just below the tentacles, 
softer, smoother, and lighter-colored than the rest. In the larger specimens 
there is usually a circle of seven to twelve polyps, arising from the outer 
margin of the coral, and directed radially outward and somewhat upward; 
along that portion of the margin which covers the front of the crab, the circle 
of polyps is interrupted for a considerable space; elsewhere the bases of the 
polyps are in contact, or nearly so. The entire upper surface of the coral 
is convex and destitute of polyps. Usually the apex of the univalve shell on 
which the colony started may be seen through the translucent integument 
near the postero-lateral border, on the left-hand side. Sometimes the shell 
has entirely disappeared by absorption. In all cases the coral extends far 
beyond the aperture of the original shell, in a spiral direction, itself forming 
the principal part of the habitation of the crab. The lower surface is also 
convex and smooth, and destitute of polyps, except one, which always stands 
below and in front of the aperture, in a position which would correspond to 
