MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ware | 
Carmelo are built. It terminates inland in a limestone escarpment 
of erosion, which has worn down to the underlying floor of igneous 
tuffs. 
There can be no doubt that this peninsula was once an eastward con- 
tinuation across Havana Bay of the plateau west of the Rio Armendaris 
and the Moro Plateau, and that it has been disconnected from them by 
the streams which flow in the intervening valleys. The plateau in 
which Moro Castle is situated is similar in surface and structural features 
to that of the Castillo Principe, and likewise terminated inland in the 
hilly region north of Regla by an escarpment of stratification which 
destroys the possibility of tracing its former extent inland. In area it 
represents an elongated east and west narrow platform forming a vertical 
coast line as far as Guanos Point, and extending toward Matanzas, where 
I think its level is represented by some of the terraces in that vicinity, 
and projecting, in places, as at Moro Point, fully to the ocean’s edge. 
This general level of the Moro Plateau is not an elevated coral reef, but 
is an ancient level of erosion representing a period in the history of the 
island when the area it now occupies was approximately near sea level, 
and which has been subsequently elevated. Its surface in no manner 
represents a deposition plain or the surface of an old reef growth, but is 
produced solely by base-levelling erosion, and this in spite of the irregu- 
lar sinuosities seen in its substructure, the old tertiary limestone. 
The Cantera Elevation.— Around the base of the Castillo Principe 
Plateau may be traced the remnants of another level, approximately 
twenty-five meters (eighty-five feet) in height, which, for convenience, 
I will term the Cantera level. This, too, represents another and later 
epoch of levelling, and has likewise been greatly destroyed by later 
erosion. Below it, and adjacent to the sea, is the soboruco, or elevated 
reef level. 
Older Levels. — Back of Havana there is a line of still higher, greatly 
eroded hills, which overlook these levels, and have an altitude of about 
five hundred feet, merging southward into a plateau constituting the 
divide between the north and south shores of the island. This lime- 
stone plateau gently slopes away to the south coast, and undoubtedly 
once covered the hilly area back of Havana. The highest point on the 
railway, which goes through a saddle, is 101 meters (332 feet), the 
‘country rising to about two hundred feet above this. 
The Matanzas Levels. — Matanzas Bay differs from the general type of 
the sac-like harbors of the north coast only in that it is rhomboidal 
in form, and seems more deeply cut into the high background which sur- 
