134 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1914. 
lateral knobs, following the margins of the rostrum, nine on each side 
in a consecutive row. Inside these rows, at their posterior ends, 
was a second series of four knobs on each side. The knobs of the 
inner, short row were set beside those of the outer row, forming 
pairs with them. But the two sides were not symmetrical. Thus, 
if the knobs of the outer row are numbered 1 to 9 from before back- 
wards, on the left side 7, 8, and 9 were paired, and there was a 
single knob of the inner row behind the termination of the outer 
series. On the right side 6, 7, 8, and 9 were paired, and 
there was no unpaired knob posteriorly. Several of the left-side 
knobs had a hair on the summit, which suggests that the knobs may 
be overgrown hair-papille, and their arrangement does correspond 
fairly closely with the arrangement of the hairs of Balenoptera. On 
the symphysis there were four knobs on the right side and five on 
the left. In each case there was a vertical row of three. The knobs 
varied in size, a large one being 2 in. high and 4 in. across the base. 
The eye appears to be rather more movable than in Balenoptera. 
The pectoral fin has an exceedingly irregular posterior margin. There 
were seven conspicuous elevations on it, varying in length from 
10 to 27 in. 
5. Sperm Whale (P. macrocephalus, L.). 
(a) Haternal Characters.—Six specimens were examined. The 
general body-colour is pale greyish chocolate, rather more lead-like 
ventrally. Between the genital aperture and the umbilicus there is 
a splashed chevron-shaped mark of a pale grey colour. The apex 
is on the umbilicus, and directed forwards, the ‘ arms’ being about 
4 ft. apart at the tips. There are also irregular grey flecks all 
over the ventral surface. In some specimens the front of the head 
is barred horizontally with streaks which are almost white in colour. 
They are broadest in the middle and taper towards the ends. The 
whole of the head, and in particular the anterior, ventral, and lateral 
areas, have numerous weals and sucker marks which have been pro- 
duced by the arms and suckers of the cuttlefish, which are the main 
food of this species. As might be expected from the fact that the 
suckers of many of the molluscs are armed with chitinous teeth, the 
sucker marks take the form of rings of minute pricks. One such 
mark was 34 in. across. The fifth Sperm Whale had a large patch 
of pure white on the umbilicus, and an extensive array of grey 
streaks on the left side, in addition to the grey chevron. 
(b) Spiracle.—In every case the left spiracle alone was functional. 
On the right side, however, afterthe blubber has been removed, there is 
a compressed cavity, approximately oval in shape, about 18 in. long 
and 10 in. wide, in the position corresponding with that of the obliterated 
right spiracle. The lining of this cavity is heavily pigmented with 
the same colour as the outer surface of the animal. There can be 
no doubt that this is the vestige of the right spiracle, although no 
passage was observed running backwards from it in the direction of 
the pharynx. 
(c) Mouth.—The palate and floor of the mouth have a general 
pale grey colour and have a large number of small grooves, about 
