140 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1914. 
junction being very obvious in the slides. The epithelial layer is 
about half as thick as the cuticular. 
VII.—Parasites. 
1. External. 
(a) Balenophilus wniselus (Aurivillius). We have nothing to add 
to Burfield’s remarks on this species.?° 
(b) Penella (Kov. and Dan.). This parasite was observed on few 
of the whales examined, and only on the Finner. Three specimens 
were preserved, which vary in length from 53 in. to 10 in. No 
males were found as a result of the examination of these females. 
We frequently found white scars upon the skin of B. musculus, which 
were apparently healed wounds caused by Penella. The scars took the 
form of small oval marks about 8, in. long and + in. wide. Beneath 
the white area the epidermis is more firmly adherent than in other 
parts of a preserved specimen, which supports the view that these 
are healed wounds. We often found open wounds on the whales, 
which had evidently been produced by this parasite. 
All the Penella which we saw occurred at the beginning of the 
season, and in the latter part of it only wounds from which the 
Copepods had fallen were observed. It may therefore be suggested 
that the period of attachment of the parasite to the whale is less 
than a year. 
(c) Coronula diadema (L.), &c. On the Humpback there were 
large quantities of this species on the tips and especially on the 
posterior margins of the flippers. They were also found on the 
ventral furrows, and some small specimens were adhering behind 
the penis. 
A number of specimens of Conchoderma aurita (L.) occurred among 
the Coronula, as well as a good number of small specimens of Cyamus, 
which last parasite was also generally scattered over the head region. 
On Physeter No. 15 four specimens of Cyamus were also found on 
the throat region, where there are a few short wrinkles. On the tip 
of the lower jaw of Sperm Whale No. 16 there was a small colony 
of Conchoderma aurita, while another specimen of the same species 
was taken from the second tooth of the left side of the lower jaw of 
Sperm Whale No. 25. 
2. Internal. 
(a) Trematodes.—Monostomum plicatum (Creplin) was found in the 
intestines of the following Finners: 1, 3, 19, 23, 24, 27, 30. 
(b) Nematodes.—We found nematodes, which appear to be of the 
genus Ascaris, in the stomachs of every Sperm Whale examined. 
They are generally very abundant. In the renal vein of the Megaptera 
the mass of nematodes described later was found, and in the posterior 
vena cava of B. sibbaldti, No. 33, a solitary, incomplete specimen of 
another nematode was taken. These worms all appear to belong to 
the Strongylide. As mentioned later, in the digitate structure observed 
in the veins of B. musculus nematode eggs were found, as was also 
10 Op. cit., p. 179. 
