372 ' TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION ©. 
observations on faunas and stratigraphic relationship of the beds made by the 
writer during twelve years’ attention to this subject. 
Sequence of the Beds. 
With regard to the sequence, some Victorian authors hold the opinion that 
the Janjukian series is older than the Balecombian; but the contusion seems to 
have arisen from the occurrence of a large number of persistent species, especially 
of mollusca, passing up from the argillaceous Balecombian into the Janjukian clay 
series. Where faunistic and stratigraphic relationships were both doubtful the 
term Barwonian was suggested, which included both Baleombian and Janjukian. 
If, however, we regard the scope of the Janjukian in its broad sense as embracing 
all phases of sedimentation, of one long time series, the term Barwonian is no 
longer needed, its members being included in the term Janjukian. The sequence 
of the beds 1, 2, and 3 as given here has lately been established by the author 
from evidence obtained in cliff-sections at Muddy Creek near Hamilton, and in 
the bores put down in the Mallee and at Sorrento. 
Other authors since McCoy agreed as to the present sequence, but differed in 
regard to the age of the oldest beds, which they held to belong to the Eocene, 
making the succeeding beds correspondingly older. 
Guide Fossils. 
The various members of the Australian Kainozoic system have been referred 
by the writer to the horizons given above, chiefly through a study of the cetacean 
types, the fish remains, the mollusca, the polyzoa, the ostracoda, and the 
foraminifera. In the oldest beds (Balcombian) a predominant fossil is Amphis- 
tegina, long mistaken for Nummulites variolaria, the latter genus in reality being 
absent. In the limestone phase of the succeeding Janjukian beds the Miocene 
type of toothed whale, Parasqualodon, occasionally occurs; in the marls the 
Miocene genus Spirulirostra; whilst the Burdigalian forms of Lepidocyclina are 
abundant in the polyzoal series of the Janjukian. In the Kalimnan series cetacea 
known elsewhere in the Pliocene Crag (Diestian and Astian) of Antwerp and 
England, as Scaldicetus and the ziphioid whales, are characteristic fossils. ‘The 
above interpretation of the Australian Tertiary sediments agrees also with the 
data acquired by Australian physiographists, and is that generally accepted for 
New Zealand and Patagonia. 
Terrestrial Series. 
The terrestrial Tertiary deposits, so far as they are known, are assigned to the 
various horizons as follows :— 
Balcombian.—Leaf-beds of Mornington and the brown coal of the Altona Bay 
Coal-shaft. : 
Janjukian.—Leaf-beds of Sentinel Rock (Cape Otway), Haddingley near 
Bacchus Marsh, Pitfield Plains, Narracan, Dargo High Plains and the Older 
Deep Leads: in Victoria. Leaf-beds of Dalton, Gunning, and Vegetable Creek : 
in New South Wales. Leaf-beds of Lake Frome, &c. : in South Australia. 
Kalimnan.—Newer Deep Leads, Haddon, Victoria. Also of Gulgong in New 
South Wales. 
2. The Age and Sequence of the Victorian Tertiaries. 
By WS, Bars, MA, DSc. 
The chief difficulty that meets one in attempting to decide the age of the 
marine Tertiaries of Southern Australia is their wealth in well-preserved fossils. 
From the oldest series, the Barwonian, which includes the closely allied 
Janjukian and Balcombian, about.1,800 species have been described. This 
includes over 800 mollusca, some 500 polyzoa, and about 40 brachiopoda, 
50 echinoids, 80 corals, and a large number of foraminifera. The Kalimnan 
yields about 260 described species, mainly mollusca, while the Werrikooian 
affords close upon 200 species of described mollusca. It may safely be said that 
when the fauna of the Barwonian, at any rate, is fully described the total will 
be doubled, for, taking the mollusca, the small forms, which are extremely 
