419 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D. 
occasion 116 miles were recorded in a single hour. When the wind came down 
in cyclonic gusts it often exceeded a puft velocity of 200 miles per hour. The 
instrument used for ascertaining the average hourly velocities was the self- 
recording Robinson cup-anemometer. 
11. An unusually extensive magnetic record was obtained, including con- 
tinuous magnetograph curves at Cape Denison for a period of eighteen months. 
This station is the nearest yet established to the South Magnetic Pole. A series 
of careful field determinations were made to within a few miles of the Magnetic 
Pole. Systematic observations of the Aurora Polaris were made in conjunction 
with the magnetic and wireless observations. 
12. In Adelie Land special account was taken of bacteriology.] 
Mr. Grirrith Taytor: The present brief account of my work on Captain 
Scott’s Expedition deals with regions near 78° S., extending from Granite 
Harbour to Mount Discovery. 
The walls of all the glacial valleys, as well as the mighty Scarp of Lister, 
show a series of stages of glacial sculpture which are believed to illustrate a 
process of evolution. Snow-slopes give rise to couloirs which can be seen passing 
into rounded forms or ‘half-funnels’ (in Granite Harbour) and so into true 
cwms (or cirques). In suitable localities (such as below Mt. Lister) headward 
erosion has changed a cwm into a ‘finger valley.’ These with other higher 
cwms tend to form a radiating system resembling the relation of the fingers to 
the knuckles of a hand. 
Great glacial troughs or Trog-taler are well shown in the Ferrar and Taylor 
Valleys. The latter is free from snow or ice for twenty miles; and it is crossed 
by several barriers or ‘ Riegel.’ 
Examples of erosion by planation arise rarely under present circumstances. 
Most of the glaciers are comparatively free from débris and their drainage 
waters are clear instead of milky. Strie are infrequent. There is much water 
during summer, as along the Koettlitz Glacier, which is drained by the twenty- 
mile long Alph River. 
The glaciers exert little pressure at their sides, and are usually bounded by 
a lateral moat, often over a hundred feet deep. Wind, water, and ‘ freeze and 
thaw’ are potent agents here in carrying off the results of erosion, which is 
chiefly due to ‘freeze and thaw.’ 
The Riegel (bars) of the Taylor Valley closely resemble those of the European 
Alps. The largest is 3,000 feet high and almost blocks the Valley where the 
latter is four miles wide. A narrow defile 1,600 feet deep and about 400 yards 
wide is cut through its northern end; like the defiles of Bergun, Faido, Mesocco, 
&c., in the South-East Alps. 
The cwm and finger valleys are bounded by steep ridges 1,000 feet high (as 
at Devil’s Bowl and Davis Valley). They could not be cut out by normal 
glacial erosion; moreover, they are often only a mile or two in length. 
It is suggested that the ‘ palimpsest’ theory welds these two difficulties of 
Riegel and cwm erosion. The cwm erosion headward cutting occurred first, 
possibly, along pre-glacial valleys, and cut out finger valleys and steps, which 
later were overwhelmed by true outlet glaciers flowing out from the Ice Plateau. 
Thus the Riegel are relics of the old cwm-heads. The basins were excavated by 
nivation round the slowly receding snouts of almost stagnant glaciers. 
The by-gone separation of the Ferrar and Taylor Valleys is described, 
though now they are apposed in Siamese-twin fashion. 
Professor T. W. EpcawortH Davin: In regard to Mr. Taylor’s able 
exposition of cwm erosion, I think he has proved his point, for many of these 
valleys which have been so deeply recessed into that huge strip of land which 
may be called the Antarctic ‘horst.’ I would suggest, however, that we must 
not press that cwm theory too far. We must expect, and really do find, evi- 
dence of transverse faulting in the so-called ‘ Beacon Sandstone ’ formation. The 
Beardmore and the Mackay glacier valleys represent, to my mind, regions of 
cross faulting and downward slipping which have produced low points in the 
horst, sagged areas forming in the great rampart of the range low gaps through 
which the inland-ice has overflowed into Ross Sea. In the case of the main 
