TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D. 415 
transverse valley (the Emmanuel Glacier) separating it from the hinterland of 
this latitude. 
Thirdly, the three valleys indicated on the ‘Discovery’ maps to the north- 
ward of the Inland Forts probably have some connection with the Wright and 
Debenham outlet glaciers mapped by Mr. Taylor’s party on their journey to and 
from Granite Harbour. ‘ 
With regard to the Great Ice Barrier, I agree with Professor David as to 
the origin of the ice of the Ross Barrier and other floating Piedmont glaciers, 
and hold to my view that they are due to the inland-ice draining through the 
outlet valleys, and crowding upon itself on the coastal platform of the continent. 
[The following slides were then exhibited :— 
(1) The Admiralty Range, showing fault-block ranges of mountains. 
(2) The Beacon Heights, with no suggestion that the Beacon Sandstone on 
the sides of the Ferrar Glacier was other than a single formation intruded by 
sills of dolerite. r 
(3) The Cathedral Rocks (with granite hills in the foreground), showing the 
rocks in ascending order which go to build up this portion of Antarctica. 
(4) The Kukri Hills—a line of junction between schists and gneisses only 
slightly eroded by a glacier occupying what is probably a fault-trace. . 
(5) A view of Knob Head Mountain, to explain the movement of the ice of 
the Ferrar Glacier and of the South West Arm, into Taylor Valley. 
(6) The Inland Forts, rasped but hardly eroded by the ice which once passed 
between them from the Ferrar Glacier over into another drainage system. 
(7) The channel between ice and rock at the foot of Knob Head Mountain, 
showing how spur-truncation is brought about by the agency of water rather 
than by a rock-charged ice-rasp; also uplift of englacial material where two ice- 
streams meet. 
A map of Antarctica and the Southern Seas was next referred to; the east- 
west folds of South Africa and Victoria (Australia) were indicated, as was also 
the submarine furrow between this ridge and that of the Crozets, Kerguelen, 
&e., and yet another furrow between this island-ridge and the main coast of 
the Antarctic, and reference was called to the late Dr. J. Milne’s view that east- 
west belts of the earth’s crust were more rigid than meridional belts. 
Antarctica itself would seem to have been subjected to a torsional stress, 
which was relieved by rupture along a meridional line now marked by the steep 
coast of South Victoria Land. That portion embracing Coats Land, Enderby 
Land, Adelie Land, and South Victoria Land stood firm, while that portion 
now beneath the Ross Sea and including Edward VIT. Land foundered; owing 
to gain in angular velocity consequent on the earth’s rotation it foundered east- 
ward, and slipped round in an easterly direction until retarded by some obstacle 
near the longitude of Cape Horn. The pressures created by this retardation 
probably caused the crustal buckle or Andean fold of the Graham Land region.] 
Mr. F. Srittwett: At Commonwealth Bay in Adelie Land is a small rocky 
promontory of about half a square mile in area. Around it were found slight 
evidences of recent relative uplift. The rock itself was a gneissic granite, which 
was very fresh and showed very little surface weathering. (Samples on the 
table indicated the fresh character of the rock at sea-level.) Inland was another 
exposure of rock which, in contrast to the sea-level rock, showed marked weather- 
ing. This inland rock was similar in character to the sea-level rock, and had 
evidently been exposed a much longer time, and it clearly showed that the sea- 
level rock had not been exposed sufficiently long to weather. The ice-ablation in 
the winter months was considerable and amounted to about four inches, and 
exceeded the summer accretion. It is quite possible then, that Point Denison 
has been exposed within the last hundred years—a very recent change. From 
the accounts of the second Base Party, 1,100 miles westwards from Adelie Land, 
the snow-accretion seemed to be in excess of the snow-ablation. The conditions 
thus appear to be variable in this quadrant of the Antarctic. 
Captain Jon K. Davrs : Much has been said regarding the past and present 
of Antarctica; I propose to say a few words on future investigation, which 
will so greatly benefit by the work of those who have gone before. Land 
