480 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION F. 
8. The planning of a series of main radial and circumferential roads, 100 to 
200 feet in width, to link up all parts both of the Sydney of to-day and the 
greater Sydney of the future, and the planting thereof with trees. 
9. The provision of playgrounds over the whole area not more than half a 
mile apart, and parks or reserves not more than a mile apart. 
10. The reservation wherever possible of belts of open land in perpetuity 
between suburb and suburb, so that the greater Sydney of the future may 
consist of the city proper and a number of subordinate but economically self- 
contained and independent centres, and thus avoid the formation of a single 
large congested city area. 
11. The resumption of the foreshores of the harbour wherever possible, the 
allotting of specific portions for trade with adequate rail communication thereto, 
and the beautifying of the remainder for the use and pleasure of the public. 
12. The duplication of the water supply, for at present everything depends 
on one line of pipes. 
13. The passing of a Town Planning Act similar to the English one of 1909 
to enable many of the above suggestions to be carried out. 
There are many other improvements that could be suggested, but if the 
above are effected Sydney would be a city very different from what it is, and 
worthy to rank amongst its peers not only in Australia but in the greater 
world beyond the seas. 
In conclusion the author expressed his hearty acknowledgments of the 
valuable aid given him in his researches, and for the permission to photograph 
rare and valuable maps and plans by the authorities of the Lands Department, 
the Mitchell Library, the Municipal Library, the City Surveyor, and others. 
4. Town Planning in relation to Housing and Health. 
By Wituram R. Davince. 
The present-day evils of cities are largely of modern growth and due to the 
rapid industrial expansion of the nineteenth century. Slums exist in 
Australasia as in Europe, though not at present to so marked a degree. 
The incidence of bad housing, wages, land values, and transit should all 
be considered. The evils of uncontrolled suburban development are everywhere 
apparent, and the effect of existing by-laws and legislation is in many cases but 
to increase the cost of living for the masses. 
Cheap housing depends primarily on cheap land and cheap transit. Cottages 
compete favourably with block dwellings from the point of view of commercial 
and family life. Economic rent is, however, strictly limited, and capital 
expenditure on roadmaking and constructional works should be reduced to the 
absolute minimum. Prices of building materials are advancing, and the cheap 
cottage becoming increasingly difficult. 
Garden Cities and Garden Suburbs seek to amalgamate the forces of industrial 
progress with those of health and social welfare. Ina system of garden suburbs 
linked to a central business community the advantages of both town and country 
may be secured. 
The effect of public open space and parklands is under present conditions to 
increase the value of land in the immediate vicinity, and thus in some cases 
to render still more difficult the housing of the poorest part of the community. 
The Garden City ideal is to bring every part of the community in close touch 
with the open country. The belt of agricultural land has many economic 
possibilities, apart from its use for allotments, recreation grounds, and similar 
purposes. The pioneer settlements in both Australia and New Zealand were in — 
many ways practical forerunners of the Garden City ideal. 
The individual owner under a properly considered town-planning proposal 
has perfect security as to the development of adjoining properties, and the 
growth of a proper civic spirit can be encouraged. Co-partnership in housing, 
combined with the limitation of dividends, has achieved great success in the 
development of such communities, and by the aid of State loans there are many 
further possibilities of co-operation between State, municipality, and individual. 
