528 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
certain implements, the occupation must have extended over an immense period 
of time. 
There is still a great deal of work to be done on this site, and, what is more, 
it promises to be immediately fruitful on both sides of the recent cutting. It 
is to be hoped that the British Association will not hesitate to provide a fresh 
grant, and thus identify itself still further with discoveries that cannot fail to 
make for the advancement of archxological science. 
3. The Brain of Primitive Man. By Professor G. Euuior Sirs, F.R.S, 
4. On the Relations of the Inner Surface of the Cranial Wall to the 
Brain, with special reference to the Reconstruction of the Brain from 
Cranial Casts. By Professor J. Symineron, M.D., F.R.S. 
This paper contained the results of a series of observations on the relations of 
the brain and skull with the object of ascertaining the extent to which casts of 
the cranial cavity enable us to estimate the form of the brain and especially the 
position of the cerebral fissures and the degree of development of the cerebral 
convolutions. As is well known to anatomists, the bony wall of the cranium ‘is 
separated from the brain by three membranes called the dura mater, the arach- 
noid, and the pia mater. As a rule these membranes are thin, but in certain 
situations they may be thickened, or separated from one another; thus, meningeal 
vessels ramify on the outer surface of the dura mater, and certain venous 
channels, some of considerable size, are situated in the dura mater, while be- 
tween the arachnoid and the pia mater is the cerebrospinal fluid, and the larger 
cerebral vessels lie in the subarachnoid space and the smaller ones in the pia 
mater. 5 
In a series of specimens in which the brain had been carefully hardened 
in situ the cranial cavity was opened and the brain divided in a horizontal, 
transverse vertical, or median direction. Plaster of Paris or gelatine casts were 
taken of part of the cranial cavity, first with the dura mater in situ and secondly 
after removal of this membrane. Moulds were also made of the part of the 
brain which occupied the portion of the cranial cavity from which casts had 
been taken. These moulds of the brain were made with the arachnoid and pia 
mater in position and also after their removal, and from them casts were pre- 
pared. One complete set of such casts consisted of (1) the inner surface of the 
bony wall of the skull, (2) the inner surface of the dura mater, (3) the outer 
surface of the arachnoid, and (4) the outer surface of the brain. 
In thirteen adult subjects the vault of the skull and its contents, and in two 
the parts behind the foramen magnum, were examined, and in three the head 
was divided in the median plane and the lateral halves cast. With the aid of 
this material not only could the form of the brain and of the cranial cavity be 
compared, but the structures to which were due any differences between them 
could easily be demonstrated. 
The results of this investigation showed that only the general form and size 
of the brain and the position of but few of its fissures and convolutions could be 
ascertained from the bony cranial casts, and that the simplicity or complexity of 
the cerebral convolutions could not be inferred from the feeble or marked 
development of the digital impressions on the inner surface of the cranial wall. 
These observations tend to throw grave doubts on the reliability of certain state- 
ments with reference to the peculiarities of the Piltdown brain based upon casts 
of the Piltdown cranium. 
5. Bori Exorcism, Forlune-telling, and Invocation, 
By Major A. J. N. Tremearne, M.A., LL.M. 
A woman in Tunis had been ill for seven months, her body so lax that she 
could do nothing. After four and a half months she had given one franc, to be 
wrapped in a handkerchief and hung in the bori temple as an offering to Kuri. 
She got a little better, and at the end of the seventh month gave a dance. Her 
