584 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION K. 
The following Papers were read :— 
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1. The Vegetation of Gondwana Land. 
By Professor A. C. Szwarp, Sc.D., F.R.S. 
The geographical distribution of Permo-Carboniferous plants throughout the 
world is a subject on which much has been written in recent years, and evidence 
has been brought forward pointing to the existence of two botanical provinces— 
a northern flora illustrated by the coal-bearing strata of North America and 
Europe, and a southern flora obtained from strata in South America, South 
Africa, India, and Australia closely associated with glacial deposits. The object 
of this paper was to institute a general comparison of the vegetation characteristic 
of the two provinces with a view to determine in the light of our present know- 
ledge (i) the degree of difference between the floras, (ii) the bearing of the facts 
on the question of climate, (iii) the relation of the Permo-Carboniferous flora of 
the southern hemisphere to older floras throughout the world. 
2. Recent Advance in our Knowledge of Sigillaria. 
By Professor Maraaret Benson, D.Sc. 
After referring to the extraordinary habit of the plants included in this well- 
known genus, and its distribution in time, the author pointed out that the 
fructification of Sigillaria had been hitherto but very imperfectly known. 
Recently a better knowledge of the leaves and cones has been attained. The 
structure of the sporangia was then described and shown to be of exceptional 
interest. 
M. Zeiller was the first to prove from incrustation specimens the general 
habit of the cone and form of the cone scale. Dr. Kidston had since demon- 
strated, also by incrustation specimen, certain characters of the sporange. The 
author has had for ten years some sections of a petrified sporange, but had no 
clue to its identity beyond the fact that it was Lycopodtaceous. 
Last year, however, from some ‘coal balls’ from Shore, near Manchester, 
sections were cut in the radial and tangential planes of similar sporangia, and 
at once the resemblance to Dr. Kidston’s specimens of Sigillariostrobus ciliatus 
became apparent. No less than four petrified cones were shortly afterwards 
investigated, and found to agree in all main features with the Sigillaria cones 
of both Zeiller and Kidston. 
Dr. Kidston’s incrustation sporangia had been regarded as being immersed in 
the tissue of the sporophyll. In the new petrified material this appearance was 
shown to be possibly due to the wall of the sporange being carried out as a shovel- 
shaped expansion which exactly fitted into the concave upper surface of the 
sporophyll. The petrified specimens had been provisionally named Mazocarpon, 
or ‘loaf-fruit,’ from Mazé=a barley cake, because of the breadcrumb-like 
appearance of the sterile contained tissue. 
Summary of evidence that Mazocarpon is a fructification of Sigillaria :— 
1. Resemblance to Dr. Kidston’s Sigillariostrobus ciliatus. 
2. Resemblance of cone axis and bracts to both Zeiller’s and Kidston’s 
specimens. (The cones are pedunculate, show deciduous cone-scales and cone- 
scars of characteristic form and arrangement.) 
3. Marked association with Sigillaria foliage leaves, and the bark of 
Sigillaria mamillaris. 
The paper was illustrated by lantern slides and models. 
3. Types of Vegetation on the Coast in the Neighbourhood of Adelaide, 
South Australia. By Professor T. G. B. OsBorn. 
The region under investigation is a sand-dune fringed strip of coast extend- 
ing in a direction approximately North and South for about eighteen miles from 
Outer Harbour at the northern extremity of Lefevre’s Peninsula to Marino, 
where the Cambrian rocks come down to the sea. The area is situated in 
