270 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. — 1915. 



has quite recently discovered a fragment of an Aneimites leaflet in a bed 

 of shale actually in, but close to the base of, the Seaham Glacial series. 



Now, Aneimites is of true Carboniferous age, and may even belong 

 to a Lower Carboniferous (Culm) horizon. At all events it cannot 

 probably be newer than Upper Carboniferous, if as new. While the 

 Gangamopteris horizon of the Lower Hunter links up the Lochinvar 

 stage with that of Bacchus Marsh and Wynyard the occurrence of 

 Aneimites in the base of the Glacial beds at Seaham in New South 

 "Wales suggests either: — (a) that in New South Wales the basal part 

 of the beds is of true Carboniferous, possibly Middle or even Lower 

 Carboniferous age, or (b) that Aneimites in Australia survived into later 

 geological time than it did in Europe. The fact that on the whole it is 

 distinctly above the Lepidodendron veltkermianum, , L. volkmannianmn, 

 Ulodendron, and Syringothyris horizons, as well as much above the 

 Lithostrotion and Syringopora limestones of the Lower division of 

 Carboniferous rocks in the New England District of New South Wales, 

 suggests that it is perhaps Post-Culm in age in New South Wales. 

 The Glacial beds described by Professor Woolnough (' Proc. Roy. Soc. 

 N.S.W.,' vol. xiv. 1911, pp. 159-168) were certainly formed contem- 

 poraneously with those of the Lochinvar-Seaham areas. 



In Western Australia the Lyons Conglomerate of the Gascoyne- 

 Minilya-Wooramel areas and the Glacial beds of the Irwin River area 

 are surely contemporaneous with one another. On the Wyndham 

 River in the Gascoyne District thin boulder beds occur with marine 

 Permo-Carboniferous fossils in the matrix and underlie limestones 

 containing AuJosteges, Productus semireticulatus, Cleiothyris (Athyris) 

 macleayana, &c. (the last in particular is a true Carboniferous 

 type), as recorded by R. Etheridge, jun. PliilUpsia grandis is also 

 recorded (c/. P. Chapman, 'Australasian Fossils,' p. 232) from the 

 Permo-Carboniferous rocks of the Gascoyne district, but its exact 

 horizon in regai*d to the Glacial beds is not defined. Again, at the 

 Irwin River Glacial horizon, the Glacial beds (in that case 430 feet 

 thick) underlie conformably limestones and ferruginous bluish shales 

 containing Productus semireticulatus, Aulosteges, Spirifer musakhey- 

 lensis, &c., — marine forms which suggest a Glacial horizon consider- 

 ably below that of the Greta Coal Measures (essentially Gangamopteris 

 Coal Measures). The Western Australian Permo-Carboniferous Glacial 

 horizon may, therefore, be provisionally correlated with that of Bacchus 

 Marsh, Inman, Wynyard, and Lochinvar. 



In Queensland, B. Dunstan has recorded slates of Gympie (Lower 

 Permo-Carboniferous age) at Windah, on the Mackenzie River, to the 

 west of Rockhampton ('Queensland Government Mining Journal,' 

 April 15, 1901).' For these boulder beds he suggests a Glacial origin. 



W. H. Rands has also recorded small boulders which he considered 

 to be probably of Glacial origin in the Gympie beds at Gympie. _ (Quoted 

 in 'Geology and Palseontology of Queensland and New Guinea,' by 

 R. L. Jack and R. Etheridge, Jun., p. 77.) 



These boulders, mostly not more than one foot in diameter and 

 enclosed in fine shale, may or may not have been transported by ice. 

 The Windah beds are more suggestive of the action of floating ice and 



