286 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. — 1915. 



B. Grouping and Subdivision of Labour. 



(c) Economic Organisation. (Weber — Index D8.) 

 Cycles of Prosperity. 

 Eelationship to Work (Cash nexus, Hobby, &c.). 



3. The Nature of the Worker. 



Age. 



Sex. 



Skill and Training. 



Opinions (Weber). 



4. The Habits of the Worker. 



1. Sleep: length and times. 



2. Nutrition: nature and times. Drinking of Alcohol. 



3. Clothing (e.g., its tightness — Eoth Index CI). 



4. Sexual Eelations (Weber). 



5. Eecreation — especially Sundays. 



6. By-occupations. 



7. Getting to and from home. 



The chain of causation can of course be followed further back. 

 Light and temperature are determined by the time of day or night, 

 temperature and humidity hy the season, the climate, and the weather 

 during which the work is proceeding; the opinions, skill and habits 

 of the worker by his social environment, the religion, militarism, trade- 

 unionism around him and the education, especially technical, through 

 which he has passed. But these meteorological and social conditions 

 form the background and need not be more than suggested. 



Section I. a. The Nature of the Work. 

 The factor of ' nature of work ' would in any case require detailed 

 study where fatigue is being viewed from the economic standpoint ; 

 but such a study is particularly necessary owing to the confusion of 

 thought and the inconvenience of the terms used of the various charac- 

 teristics of work affecting the worker. To give only one instance: 

 ' monotonous ' is sometimes applied to some objective quality in the 

 work itself, sometimes to the feeling evoked in the worker. Indeed, 

 we shall have to keep separated in our minds three distinct sets of 

 notions : the state and feelings of the worker ; certain definite chax'ac- 

 teristics of the work that alone or together evoke such affections ; and 

 the sort of occupations in which such characteristics are usually found. 

 Now the work of most people can be analysed more or less into a 

 series of separate but similar operations, each resulting in some 

 ' output ' or service ; and each separate operation may in turn be more 

 or less analysed, as Efficiency Engineers have done in ' Motion Studies, ' 

 into the different actions (movements and postures, muscular or ner- 

 vous) that it involves. With this conception in mind we shall be 

 able to estimate more exactly the important ' evocative ' characteristics 

 of different sorts of occupations, hy putting to each the following 

 questions : 



(a) What doe>^ the operation consist in ? what are the separate actions 

 involved ? 



