670 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 



Terra-mare settlements of Italy, are closely allied in culture, and undoubted 

 traces of Egyptian influence are present in the earliest settlements of these 

 regions. The distribution of the pile-dwellings of Switzerland and Austria 

 agrees well with that of ancient mine-workings mentioned by Professor Gow- 

 land. The Terra-mare settlements are all situated in the basin of the Po, 

 the one region in Italy where gold was washed extensively in ancient times. 

 But not only is a general agreement found between the distributions of 

 megalithic influence and ancient mine-workings, but the technique of mining, 

 smelting, and refining operations is identical in all places where the earliest 

 remains have been found. Professor Gowland has shown that Britain, Spain, 

 Switzerland, Egypt, and Japan, as well as other places, were once the seats 

 of metal industries. The form of the furnaces used ; the introduction of the 

 blast over the mouth of the furnace ; the process of refining whereby the 

 metal is first roughly smelted in an open furnace and afterwards refined in 

 crucibles ; as well as the forms of the crucibles and tTie substance of which 

 they were made, are the same in all places where traces of ancient smelting 

 operations have been discovered. This last group of facts serves to strengthen 

 the conclusion derived from the consideration of distributions ; it also serves 

 to identify the cultural influence wliich was at work in the early neolithic 

 settlements of Switzerland and elsewhere with the megalithic influence. 



The conclusion to which all these facts jioint is that the search for certain 

 forms of material wealth led the carriers of the megalithic culture to those 

 places where the things which they desired were to be found. The presence 

 or absence of the desired form of wealth seems to determine the presence or 

 absence of megalithic influence. 



4. Egyptian Jewellery. 

 By Professor W. M. FLfNDERs Petrie, D.C.L., LL.D., F.B.S. 



The Xllth Dynasty is recognised as the great period of jewellery in Egypt. 

 This has been emphasised by the jewellery of a princess found by the British 

 School at Lahun, which is in some respects finer than any yet known. The group 

 belonged to different reigns; that of Senusert III., the father of the princess, 

 and that of Amenemhat III. under whom she lived. The mo.st important 

 objects were a pectoral of each reign, with hawks as supporters of the car- 

 touche; a crown of gold, with rosettes around, and long plumes and streamers 

 of gold ; a silver mirror with hawk of gold and obsidian ; besides which were 

 bracelets, necklaces, and vases of the known forms. All of the framing is of 

 gold, and the inlays and be^ds are of turquoise, lazuli, carnelian, and amazonite. 

 The workmanshi]) and detail are of the most minute and perfect quality. 



5. Nnlpf^ nil ihe Neolilliie Egypliaiis and the Elliinpiaii!^.'' 

 By Professor V. Giuffrio.a-Euggeri. 



Up till the end of the III. Dynasty the people of Egypt present similarities 

 which justify us in regarding the tribe which manufactured and used copper 

 tools as a wave of Ethiopians comparable with the earlier Neolithic peoples, or 

 possibly as the same people after they had obtained copper from Sinai. But in 

 the IV., v., and VI. Dynasties as shown in the Giza series in Lower Egypt, or 

 later in Upper Egypt, differences appear with mummification and the era" of the 

 Pyramid builders which point to the conclusion that while the prehistoric 

 series were largely made up of Ethiopians, in the later period a great infiltra- 

 tion set in, proceeding -in an opposite direction, from Syria, Sinai, and the 

 North Arabian coast, territory already occupied by the Mediterranean Race. A 

 monument attributed to the I. Dynasty represents the triumph over the Anu 

 which became a traditional fete, the Anu being .shown as a kneeling African 

 captive. The Egyptians of the historic epoch called their predecessors 'Anu,' 



' To be published in full in Man. 



