TKANSACTIONS OP SECTION It. 673 



01 which his race, religion, and methods of government added a potent element 

 of confusion. His approaching departure will still leave the most difficult 

 problems unsolved. 



[The astounding complexities of the di.stributiun of races and religions were 

 then expounded— somewhat on the lines of Professor Jovan Cvijic's memoir, 

 ' Die ethnographische Abgrenzung der Volker auf der Balkanhalbinsel,' PaUr- 

 nmnm MiUeUun,je7i, 59. Jahrg., 1913, p. 113.] 



In spite of all the conflicting interests created by different religions and 

 histories, ethnological considerations, no less than geogi'aphical and economic 

 circumstances, clearly and definitely link together the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs 

 as one people united by a common origin and literary traditions ; and as a race 

 whose domain includes not only the whole of Croatia- (with Slavonia), Bosnia, 

 Herzegovina, Montenegro, and most of Serbia, as at present delimited, but also 

 Dahnatia, nine-tenths (all except Trieste and its neighbourhood) of Istria, 

 Carniola, and a strip of Southern Hungary. This is the territory of the 

 Southern Slav nation. 



On ethnological gi-ounds Bulgaria has a greater right than Serbia to the 

 part of Macedonia now in occupation by the latter (and her geographical posi- 

 tion in the centre of the Balkans, with no other outlet for expansion such as 

 the other nations aspire to, serves to emphasise her claims in this respect) ; and 

 as regards the Dobrudja, with its confused jumble of races, Bulgaria's claim to 

 its possession is clearly more justifiable on racial grounds than that of its present 

 occupant, Roumania. 



The latter is not a Balkan Power, either geographically or ethnologically. 

 Yet for historical reasons it cannot entirely be dissociated from the discussion 

 of the other peoples. Beyond the boundaries of Roumania, the population of 

 parts of Russia (Bessarabia), Austria (the Southern Bukovina) and Hungary 

 (Transylvania), and the north-east corner of Serbia is mainly Roumanian. 



It would make the discussion far too diffuse if we were to deal with the 

 question of Albania : the distinctive ethnic and historical features of the 

 Albanians and the racial problem in Greece and the distribution of the Hellenes. 

 These matters can be considered only in so far as they affect the problems of the 

 Southern Slavs. 



(6) Diagmm^natic Map illustrating the Ethnic Relations hetween the 

 Adriatic, Drave, and Danube. By Sir Aethuk Evans, F.B.S. 



This map was prepared on the basis of observations carried out by the 

 author in the course of many years' travel in every part of the area. The 

 great extent of the country was occupied by a mass of South Slav population 

 or Jugoslavs. The two South-Eastern members, Croats and Serbsj besides the 

 countries named after them, occupy Dalmatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Monte- 

 negi'o. They speak the Serb language. The Slovenes to the N.W. of them 

 speak a closely allied dialect and regard themselves as part of an indivisible 

 Jugoslav mass. They extend into Carinthia to the country surrounding Villach 

 and Klagenfurt and into Styria to the neighbourhood of Gratz. The Western 

 part of the Banat of Hungary is predominantly Serb, with islands of Germ.ms, 

 Magyars, and Roumans. 



The Italian element preponderates in the lower part of the Izonzo valley 

 at Trieste, Pola, and Western Coast of Istria, to which may be added the isle 

 of Lussin. In Dalmatia it preponderates in the town (but not the district) 

 of Zara, but elsewhere, according to the latest returns, is only about three per 

 cent, of the population. The social and commercial use of Italian and impress 

 of Italian culture gives foreigners a wrong impression. Dalmatia is the centre 

 of the Jugoslav national movement. 



It was pointed out that the formation of a Jugoslav State occupying the 

 area to the Drave and Mur had a very important bearing on the future 

 relations of Britain, France, and Northern Italy with Constantinople and tho 

 Near East. Only a few railway links had to be completed to reopen what was 

 the highway between the East and West under the Roman Empire. The 



1915. X X 



