REVIEW. 262 
Monauls (Lophophorus impeyanus and L. sclateri), the Gold and Amherst’s 
pheasants (Thawmalea picta and Th. amherstiw), six species of the genus - 
Phasianus, twelve species of the genus Huplocamus, and other members of the 
order Galline, hitherto represented in the Gardens. The Tragopans (Cerior- 
nis satyra, C.melanocephala, C.temminchi, C. caboti, and C. blythi) and both 
the Indian and the Malayan species of the Polyplectrons, or the Peacock 
pheasants, require the same treatment as regards food as the other pheasants, 
except that the former are fonder of berries and fruits than of grain, 
Of the order Caswarii, the three species of Cassowaries in the Gardens have 
been found to thrive best on vegetables, fruits, and roots. In captivity the 
Emu is fed on biscuits, bread, crushed food, and vegetables. The Ostrich 
(Struthio camelus) and the Common Rhea (Rhea americana), belonging to the 
order Struthiones, are both treated in the same: way as the Emu, only with the 
difference that the former is given a pound of beef or mutton once a week 
during the cold and the rainy seasons. Of the order Giralie, family Gruide, 
seven species of Cranes (Grus) and the two species of Crowned Cranes (Bela- 
rica pavonina and B. chrysopelargus) have been found to maintain very good 
health when fed on grain of various kinds, soaked or dry, according to indi- 
vidual taste, and vegetables, but some of them find a great deal of their own 
food, such as frogs, lizards, shells, worms, &c., only the snow-wreath (Grus 
leucogeranus) and the Crowned Cranes not being partial to this latter kind of 
diet. Birds of the order Steganopodes (Cormorants, Snake-birds and Pelicans) 
live well on fish, but, in captivity, they readily take to meat-diet, being fed at 
Alipore on 3 to 1 seer of beef and fish. The various members of the orders 
Anseres (Geese and Ducks), Gavide (Gulls) and Limicole (Snipes and Jacanas) 
thrive best on grain, vegetables, and grass, supplemented a good deal by 
aquatic insects, worms, larve, &c., and are also very fond of the tender shoots 
of the kalmi (Convolvulus reptens) and tokapana (Pistia stratiotes), which are 
given to them in large quantities. Of the birds of the order Platalea, the 
Spoonbill (Platalea lewcorodia) is fed on prawns, small fish, and occasionally 
minced meat. This food, it has been found, also forms excellent diet for the 
Black-headed (Ibis melanocephalus), Glossy (Plegadis falcinellus), and Scarlet 
Ibises (Hudocimus ruber). The Pelican Ibis (Tantalus leucocephalus) picks out 
a great deal of its own food, such as crabs, frogs, and fish, by loosening, with 
its right foot, the mud near the edges of the tanks. This latter habit is also 
possessed by the Flamingo (Phenicopterus antiquorum), belonging to the order 
Odontoglosse, which, ina state of captivity, feeds on bran and barley with 
water. Birds of the order Herodiones (Herons, Storks, and Adjutants) thrive 
well on fish and meat, but the Adjutants and the Black-necked Stork 
(Xenorhynchus asiaticus) mainly live on the latter article. 
The birds of prey, such as the Owls, Hagles, Falcons and Vultures (belong- 
ing to the orders Striges and Accipitres), are all of them carnivorous, and, as a 
