REVIEW. 264 
satoo, plantains and other fruits and minced meat. Of the order Passeres, 
family Alaudide, both the skylarks (Alauda arvensis and A. arborea) in the 
Calcutta Zoo thrive excellently on seeds of various kinds, fruits, berries and 
maggots, only the bush-larks (Mrafra assamica and M, caniéiilans) liking satoo, 
fruits, insects and maggots. Of the family Sturnide (same order), Mynas of 
various genera and species, generally speaking, do well when fed on satoo, 
maggots, insects, fruits and grain of various kinds, making allowance for the 
tastes of particular species. Of the family Hulabetide, the Grackles or Hiil- 
Mynas (Hulabes religiosa and E. intermedia) require satoo, boiled rice, fruits, 
bread and milk. Of the family Oriolide, the four species of Orioles in 
the collection thrive excellently on satoo, insects, fruits, berries of the Ficus 
religiosa, F. comosa and sweet Inga. Of the family Crateropodide, sub-family 
Brachypodine, three species of Buibuls of the genus Molpastes, two of Oto- 
composa, one each of Hypsipetes and Prcnonotus, do well on satoo paste, 
prepared with ghi, fruits, insects and maggots, Laughing Thrushes of the 
genera Dryonastes, Garrulax, Lanthocincla and Grammatoptila thrive when fed 
On satoo, fruits, insects and worms, only the Dryonastes chinensis requiring 
minced meat. Of the family Corvide, sub-family Corvine, order Passeres, 
the various Magpies of the genera Pica, Urocissa and Cissa, and the Indian 
tree-pies (Dendrocitta rufa, D. himalayensis, and D. frontalis) have been 
found to thrive excellently on minced ‘eat, fruit, boiled rice, boiled eggs, 
satoo and various kinds of insects, only the Green Magpie (Cissa chinensis) is 
occasionally given live sparrows and other small birds, and the Tree-pies 
various kinds of insects'to sharpen their appetites. Another useful feature 
of these remarks is, that the approximate daily cost of feeding the large 
animals and birds is given. 
The breeding of animals is set forth in the original prospectus as one of the 
objects for which the Calcutta Zoological Gardens were established. But the 
Committee’s efforts to carry it out have been attended with but scant success, 
though hopes were at one time entertained that all the denizens of the 
Gardens would breed freely and multiply fast,so as to render it possible that 
additional examples of each species might be available for exchange with 
institutions of a similar kind, both in this country and elsewhere. The condi- 
tions which are most favorable to the breeding of animals in captivity are 
that they should be provided with (1) commodious quarters for their housing, 
grazing and open-air exercise ; (2) the diet which they are accustomed to feed 
upon in their wild state ; (3) that their quarters should be such as to suit their 
respective habits and should represent the surroundings of their native wilds ; 
(4) that, in the case of gregarious animals, a large number of both sexes, and, 
in that of the Carnivora and other species, a pair, each consisting of a male 
and a female, should be lodged together, so as to afford them opportunities for 
seeking each other’s company. Experience has shown that the females of the 
