494 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. VIII 
many years ago and not the present reformed character who has 
relinquished butterflies in favour of moths, and whose views on variation 
have in consequence undergone considerable modification. This 
latter gentleman, while I was at home, treated me with the greatest 
kindness and gave me much assistance, though we differed on many 
points, and I should be the last to criticize his views from any personal 
animosity, and only do so that something like order may be produced 
from the chaos of the splitter. I consider the above remarks necessary, 
as I noticed when at home that some entomologists seemed to consider 
any criticism on their work, even when just, must have emanated from 
personal animosity, though one would have thought their opinions 
were published for the benefit of science in general, and that they 
should therefore be grateful if any points on which they had gone 
astray were put straight by others who had greater opportunities for 
observation. 
The genera of the Pzerine, which present the greatest variation and 
with which alone it is proposed to deal in this paper, are Huphina, 
Appias, Ixias, Tertas, and Teracolus. In the remaining genera of the 
Pierine the species present for the most part comparatively little 
variation, and the synonymy is consequently not so voluminous. 
HUuPHINA. 
In this genus seasonal variation is shown in the greater prominence 
of all the dark markings on the upperside and in the much richer 
coloration of the underside in the rainy-season forms, the general tone 
of the underside in the dry-season forms being, in most species, of a 
much greyer shade. The difference in size referred to above is also 
very marked. 
The numerous named forms in this genus, from the Indian region, 
if local races be excluded,may be reduced to three species only, the 
males of which may be compared as below :— 
A,—Hindwing broadly orange towards the anal angle. 
H. tea, Doubleday. 
B.—Hindwing not orange towards the anal angle; a more or 
less prominent spot in the upper median interspace of the 
forewing on the upperside. 
H, PHRYNE, Fabricius. 
